基于生态分区的内蒙古地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因素研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.05.594

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于GIMMS数据和MODIS数据反演1982~2011年内蒙古生长季NDVI,分析内蒙古不同生态区内NDVI变化时空特征,探讨自然和人为因素对NDVI的影响。结果表明：30 a来内蒙古生长季平均NDVI整体呈增加趋势,分布在呼伦贝尔、锡林郭勒典型草原的部分地区NDVI有下降趋势。大部分地区NDVI与年降水量呈显著相关,与温度的相关性不显著;近30 a人类活动对植被NDVI的影响程度逐渐增强,其中人类活动在西辽河平原、大兴安岭南端草原区以及华北山地落叶阔叶林区促进植被生长,在内蒙古东北部草原区抑制植被生长。

关键词: 生态地理分区, NDVI, 内蒙古, 影响因素, 相关系数

Abstract:

This study constructed growing season NDVI in 1982-2011 based on GIMMS and MODIS data in Inner Mongolia. The spatial and temporal characteristics of inter-annual NDVI changes were analyzed and natural and human influence factors were investigated in different eco-geographical regions. The results show that, linear regression equation is a good method to modify NDVI in GIMMS and MODIS remote images. The growing season NDVI increased on the whole and the increase rate was 0.265% and displayed significant inter-annual fluctuations in the past 30 years. NDVI decreased significantly in 1982-1986, then increase significantly during 1997-2002, and relative steady phases were in 1986-1997 and in 2002-2011. NDVI that increased most significantly were located in the northern of Inner Mongolia. However, there were 5.075% regions decreased which mainly distributed on typical steppe in Hulun Buir and Xilin Gol. NDVI change rates of different vegetations from eco-geographical region were in the following order: farm and shrub > forest > farm and typical steppe > meadow and meadow steppe > typical steppe and farm > typical steppe > desert steppe > desert. NDVI change rate was fastest in IIC2 eco-geographical region which was 0.277 and slowest in IID2 eco-geographical region which was 0.001. NDVI was significantly correlated with precipitation in most regions and presented obvious strap regularity from east to west, which was negative correlation in the eastern region, positive correlation in center region and no correlation in the western region. However, great differences existed in different eco-geographical region of Inner Mongolia. Eco-geographical region of IIA3, IA1 had biggest correlation which more than 0.5 but significant negative correlate between NDVI and precipitation in all regions. NDVI had little significantly positive correlations with temperature in Inner Mongolia whose correlations were less than 0.2 in most eco-geographical regions. However, NDVI exhibited significant positive correlations with temperature in highland desert steppe region of Western Inner Mongolia and highland steppe region of Eastern Inner Mongolia. Vegetation that influenced by human activities was gradually increased with the increase of vegetation complex degree in the last 30 years. There are most effects by human activities in IIC1, IIC2, IIIB3 eco-geographical region which located on the south of the Da Hinggan Mountains and least effects in IA1, IIB2, IIA3 eco-geographical region which distributed in the northeastern of the mountains. In the areas where human activities heavily restrained NDVI increased by 41.165%, and they were located in IIC3, IIC4 and IID2 eco-geographical region, in the other eco-geographical regions NDVI were promoted about 58.835% obviously. In IIC1, IIC2, IIIB3 eco-geographical region human activities promote NDVI most significantly. NDVI was promoted by national policies such as the natural forest protection project, conversion of cropland to forest and grassland project, desertification treatment and so on. However, over grazing, excessive reclamation, rapid urbanization etc could lead NDVI decrease.

Key words: eco-geographical regions, NDVI, Inner Mongolia, influence factors, correlation coefficient

中图分类号:

K903

张清雨, 赵东升, 吴绍洪, 戴尔阜. 基于生态分区的内蒙古地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因素研究[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(5): 594-601.

Qing-yu ZHANG, Dong-sheng ZHAO, Shao-hong WU, Er-fu DAI. Research on Vegetation Changes and Influence Factors Based on Eco-geographical Regions of Inner Mongolia[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(5): 594-601.

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温度带	干湿地区	自然区	主要植被
I 寒温带	A(湿润区）	IA1 大兴安岭北段山地落叶针叶林区	针叶林、湿地
II 中温带	A(湿润区）	IIA3 松辽平原东部山前台地针阔叶混交林区	针阔混交林、湿地
	B(半湿润区）	IIB1 松辽平原中部森林草原区	典型草原、农田
		IIB2 大兴安岭中段山地草原森林区	阔叶林、草甸
		IIB3 大兴安岭北段西侧森林草原区	草甸草原、草甸
	C(半干旱区）	IIC1 西辽河平原草原区	典型草原、农田
		IIC2 大兴安岭南端草原区	典型草原、灌丛
		IIC3 内蒙古东部草原区	典型草原、农田
		IIC4 呼伦贝尔平原草原区	典型草原、草甸
	D(干旱区）	IID1 鄂尔多斯及内蒙古高原西部荒漠草原区	荒漠草原、荒漠
	D(干旱区）	IID2 阿拉善与河西走廊荒漠区	荒漠、荒漠草原
III 暖温带	B(半湿润区）	IIIB3 华北山地落叶阔叶林区	农田、典型草原

生态分区	多年平均	变化幅度		偏相关系数
生态分区	NDVI	NDVI	残差	NDVI与降水	NDVI与温度
IA1	0.697	0.008	0.003	0.500	0.078
IIA3	0.667	0.006	0.011	0.622	0.123
IIB1	0.460	0.004	0.017	0.393	0.138
IIB2	0.688	0.007	0.007	0.497	0.164
IIB3	0.572	0.004	0.094	0.262	0.109
IIC1	0.386	0.003	0.154	0.337	0.152
IIC2	0.466	0.277	0.123	0.280	0.168
IIC3	0.296	0.002	0.075	0.299	0.229
IIC4	0.374	0.002	0.038	0.373	0.161
IID1	0.174	0.002	0.018	0.362	0.265
IID2	0.082	0.001	0.023	0.208	0.197
IIIB3	0.498	0.006	0.109	0.382	0.141