基于大数据的老年人生活圈及设施配置特征分析——以北京市为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.07.005

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1176-1186.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.07.005

基于大数据的老年人生活圈及设施配置特征分析——以北京市为例

赵鹏军¹^,²(), 罗佳¹^,³, 胡昊宇²

1.北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院，广东深圳 518055
2.北京大学城市与环境学院，北京 100871
3.中规院（北京）规划设计有限公司，北京 100044

收稿日期:2021-02-26 修回日期:2021-10-01 出版日期:2022-07-10 发布日期:2022-09-07
作者简介:赵鹏军（1975−），男，陕西延安人，教授，博导，主要从事空间与交通规划研究。E-mail: pengjun.zhao@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41925003);国家自然科学基金项目(42130402);北京市社会科学基金重点项目(20JCB073)

Character of the Elderly’s Life Circle and Public Service Facilities Configuration by Using Big Data: A Case of Beijing

Zhao Pengjun¹^,²(), Luo Jia¹^,³, Hu Haoyu²

1. School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
2. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3. CAUPD Beijing Planning and Design Consultants Ltd., Beijing 100044, China

Received:2021-02-26 Revised:2021-10-01 Online:2022-07-10 Published:2022-09-07
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925003);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130402);Key Program of Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation(20JCB073)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

老年人生活圈是社会地理学和交通地理学的重要问题之一，也是国土空间规划的重要内容之一。尽管该领域已有一定研究，但在数据类型及其覆盖范围、空间尺度效应、空间分异特征等方面仍需进完善。采用手机信令数据和POI数据等大数据分析方法，以北京为样例，探讨老年人生活圈范围及其同设施配置之间的关系。分析结果表明：① 老年人生活圈存在空间分层特征，包括邻里生活圈、居住区生活圈、都市生活圈等多层次生活圈；② 生活圈同设施配套之间的关系存在尺度效应，居住区生活圈层面公共服务设施可达性对生活圈的影响强度要显著高于邻里生活圈层面；③ 不同设施之间存在差异，购物、休闲娱乐、医疗服务设施等老年人的刚性需求类设施的可达性水平与生活圈半径呈现出负相关，而餐饮、文化教育设施等消遣娱乐设施的可达性则反之；④ 不同的地理区位也存在显著差异，设施可达性水平对生活圈范围的影响在市中心较弱，反而在郊区较强。结论将为国土空间规划和宜老化城市建设实践提供依据。

关键词: 老年人, 生活圈, 可达性, 手机信令, 兴趣点数据, 公共服务设施

Abstract:

This study uses mobile phone data and point of interest data to discover the relationship between the scope of elderly’s life circle and various public service facilities configuration by looking at Beijing as a case. The results of analysis show that, firstly, the elderly’s life circle has a feature of spatial stratification, which including the neighborhood life circle, residential life circle, urban life circle. Secondly, there is a scale effect on the relationship between the radius of life circle and accessibility of public service facilities, and the intensity of the matching relationship between the spatial radius of residential life circles and the accessibility of public service facilities is significantly higher than that of neighborhood life circles. Thirdly, there are differences among different facilities. The accessibility level of rigid demand facilities such as shopping, leisure and entertainment, and medical service facilities for the elderly is negatively correlated with the radius of the life circle, while the accessibility of recreational and entertainment facilities such as catering, cultural and educational facilities is vice versa. Fourthly, there are also significant differences among different geographical locations. The impact of facility accessibility on the radius of life circle is much weaker in the downtown area than in other areas, but the influence is stronger in the suburbs. The findings and conclusions would provide new evidence for the practice of national spatial planning and elderly-livable urban construction.

Key words: the elderly, life circle, accessibility, mobile phone data, point of interest data, public service facilities

中图分类号:

F129.9

赵鹏军, 罗佳, 胡昊宇. 基于大数据的老年人生活圈及设施配置特征分析——以北京市为例[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(7): 1176-1186.

Zhao Pengjun, Luo Jia, Hu Haoyu. Character of the Elderly’s Life Circle and Public Service Facilities Configuration by Using Big Data: A Case of Beijing[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(7): 1176-1186.

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设施分类	包含POI
医疗服务设施	老年医院、老年病及慢性病医院、老年门诊、康复医院、诊所、综合医院等
文化教育设施	老年大学、老年学校、图书馆、文化馆、展览馆、博物馆等
休闲娱乐设施	老年活动中心、老年活动室、老年棋牌室、社区活动中心、体育健身中心、广场、公园等
餐饮设施	老年食堂（餐厅）、中餐、西餐、快餐、咖啡厅、甜品店等
购物设施	菜市场、便利店、超市、商场等

类别	变量	测度	邻里生活圈层面		居住区生活圈层面
类别	变量	测度	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
因变量	${y}$ （生活圈范围）	街道老年人生活圈半径均值/km	2.14	1.67	6.18	3.68
自变量	${{x} }_{1}$ （餐饮设施可达性）	街道餐饮设施可达性评分均值	597.05	644.55	1325.98	1310.46
	${{x} }_{2}$ （文化教育设施可达性）	街道文化教育设施可达性评分均值	19.09	23.19	41.10	46.03
	${{x} }_{3}$ （休闲娱乐设施可达性）	街道休闲娱乐设施可达性评分均值	22.50	23.33	49.44	48.45
	${{x} }_{4}$ （医疗服务设施可达性）	街道医疗服务设施可达性评分均值	31.81	30.71	70.06	63.05
	${{x} }_{5}$ （购物设施可达性）	街道购物设施可达性评分均值	136.80	122.06	307.05	257.92

		餐饮设施	文化教育设施	休闲娱乐设施	医疗服务设施	购物设施
邻里生活圈层面	分街道均值	597.05	19.09	22.50	31.81	136.80
邻里生活圈层面	分街道标准差	644.55	23.19	23.33	30.71	122.06
居住区生活圈层面	分街道均值	1325.98	41.10	49.44	70.06	307.05
居住区生活圈层面	分街道标准差	1310.46	46.03	48.45	63.05	257.92

变量	邻里生活圈层面回归			居住区生活圈层面回归
变量	标准化回归系数	t值	P值	标准化回归系数	t值	P 值
注：^表示0.05的显著水平；^表示0.01的显著水平；^**表示0.001的显著水平；t值、P值分别是针对回归模型中各个变量系数的t检验结果和显著性程度；邻里生活圈层面回归方程调整R²为0.362，居住区生活圈层面回归方程调整 R²为0.399。
餐饮设施可达性	0.447^*	2.407	0.017	0.909^***	3.264	0.001
文化教育设施可达性	0.333^*	2.467	0.014	0.942^***	4.169	0.000
休闲娱乐设施可达性	–0.349	–1.738	0.084	–0.716^*	–2.333	0.021
医疗服务设施可达性	–0.317	–1.532	0.127	–0.645^*	–2.115	0.036
购物设施可达性	–0.678^***	–3.421	0.001	–1.040^***	–4.039	0.000

基于大数据的老年人生活圈及设施配置特征分析——以北京市为例

Character of the Elderly’s Life Circle and Public Service Facilities Configuration by Using Big Data: A Case of Beijing

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