地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 231-237.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.02.231

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新疆博斯腾湖水质水量及其演化特征分析

吴敬禄1(), 马龙2, 曾海鳌1   

  1. 1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏 南京 210008
    2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2012-05-05 修回日期:2012-09-17 出版日期:2013-02-20 发布日期:2013-02-20
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：吴敬禄（1965-）,男,浙江义乌人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事湖泊记录与资源环境研究。E-mail: w.jinglu@niglas.ac.cn

  • 基金资助:
    国家基础研究（2012CB956100）、中国科学院方向性项目（KZCX2-EW-308）和国家自然科学基金项目（U1138301;40971117）资助

Water Quality and Quantity Characteristics and Its Evolution in Lake Bosten, Xinjiang over the Past 50 Years

Jing-lu WU1(), Long MA2, Hai-ao ZENG1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing ,Jiangsu 210008,China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi ,Xinjiang 830011,China
  • Received:2012-05-05 Revised:2012-09-17 Online:2013-02-20 Published:2013-02-20

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46

摘要：

于2008年8月对博斯腾湖进行了系统的水质和水量监测,并结合近50 a来气候水文资料,进行了博斯腾湖演化过程和阶段特征分析。结果表明,目前湖泊最大水深为13.9 m,湖泊面积928 km2,蓄水量52.65×108 m3,湖水体矿化度平均1.48 g/L。近50 a来,博斯腾湖水质水量经历了3个明显的不同时期。1966年以前,湖泊处于1 048 m以上的高水位,矿化度低,湖泊受人类活动影响弱。第二个时期为1966~1996年,湖泊水位低,矿化度高,其中1987年湖泊水位处于历史低值而矿化度为最高。随后,湖泊水位明显上升、矿化度下降,湖泊扩展水体淡化。第三个时期为1996~2005年,湖泊水位处于历史高值段,矿化度有所下降但不明显。期间,人类活动对湖泊的影响显著,除流域农业用水影响外,城市和工业用水的影响也明显增加。最近几年,湖泊水位快速下降,并于2007年出现历史的低水位,湖泊矿化度也呈现升高趋势,鱼类种群和产量受人类强烈干预。另外,流域社会经济发展带来的城市化和工业化,也导致湖泊污染和富营养化,引起水质进一步恶化,湖泊面临新的生态环境压力。

关键词: 博斯腾湖, 湖泊资源, 人类活动, 气候变化

Abstract:

With the analysis of lake water quality and quantity data from a systematic and scientific survey for Bosten Lake in August 2008, and combined with climate and hydrological data in the past 50 years, the characteristics of Bosten Lake evolution were studied. The result showed that the deepest point of Bosten Lake is 13.9 m with the volume of 43.44×108 m3 and the area of 928 km2. The lake evolution has temporal differences in the last 50 years, and it can be summarized into three periods. In the first period, about 1966 years ago, Bosten Lake was influenced by weak human activities with high water level above 1 048 m and low water salinity. In the second period of 1966-1996, the lake water level is low, and the water salinity is high. Especially in 1987, the lake level is the lowest with the highest salinity in the last 50 years. Subsequently, the lake water level increased with decreased water salinity significantly. In the fourth period from 1996 to 2005, the lake had the historic high water level, and the lake salinity decreased but not significantly, which caused by increased agricultural, urban and industrial water demand. In recent years, the lake level dropped rapidly with the lowest level in 2007. The water salinity also has shown a trend of increasing. The fish stocks and production were in a strong intervention of human activity. In addition, watershed urbanization and industrialization in relation to socio-economic development, have also led to water pollution and eutrophication of Bosten Lake, causing further deterioration of the lake’s water quality, which inferred that the lake faces new environmental pressures.

Key words: Lake Bosten, lake resources, human activity, climate change

中图分类号: 

  • P962