地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 230-236.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.02.230

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泾河流域上游景观尺度植被类型对水文过程的影响

张淑兰1(), 张海军1, 王彦辉2, 于澎涛2, 徐丽宏2, 熊伟2   

  1. 1.佳木斯大学,黑龙江 佳木斯 154007
    2.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-26 修回日期:2014-05-30 出版日期:2015-02-15 发布日期:2015-02-15
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：张淑兰 (1980-),女,河北滦南县人,博士,讲师,主要从事森林生态、生态水文过程与模型应用研究。E-mail: zhangshulan1980@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41230852、41071023)、林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200904056、201104005-02)、黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目（12531703）和佳木斯大学青年基金项目（Sq2012-32）资助

Influence of Vegetation Type on Hydrological Process at Landscape Scale in the Upper Reaches of Jinghe Basin

Shu-lan ZHANG1(), Hai-jun ZHANG1, Yan-hui WANG2, Peng-tao YU2, Li-hong XU2, Wei XIONG2   

  1. 1. Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China
    2. The Research Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
  • Received:2014-01-26 Revised:2014-05-30 Online:2015-02-15 Published:2015-02-15

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被引次数

12

摘要：

选择具有土石山区的泾河流域上游为研究对象,应用生态水文模型SWIM对上游景观尺度下各植被类型水文效应进行了模拟,并针对上游土石山区和黄土区分海拔段进行了植被分布的水文格局影响分析。结果表明：泾河流域上游的森林、农田、草地各植被类型的蒸散及组分、径流深和土壤深层渗漏各水文过程具有显著差异,不同区域（土石山区和黄土区）的同一植被类型的各水文过程明显不同;同时,植被景观格局存在区域和海拔差异,这使得不同区域和海拔段的各水文过程有所不同。如在土石山区,以森林为主的海拔段2 250-2 922 m降水量和蒸散量均最大（分别为641 mm和484 mm）,以农田、草地和森林均有分布的海拔段1 750-2 250 m降水量较大（590 mm）,但蒸散量最低（仅为434 mm）;而在较为干旱的黄土区（降水量为514 mm）以农田和草地为主两个海拔段（1 026-1 350 m和1 350-1 750 m）的蒸散量较高（分别为458 mm和440 mm）。另外,从各水文过程要素与降水的比值看,两个区域之间差异比较明显,但同一区域不同海拔段间差异不明显。

关键词: 泾河上游, 植被类型, 水文组分, 景观尺度

Abstract:

Profoundly understanding the influence of vegetation types and their distribution pattern on the hydrological processes is of great significance for water resources management and vegetation reasonable recovery in a large basin scale. In this study, the upper reaches of Jinghe Basin with stony mountain area was selected as the research area, and the dynamic process-based eco-hydrological model (SWIM) was used to simulate hydrological effect of different vegetation types at landscape scale, the impact of the vegetation distribution on hydrological pattern was further analyzed by distinguishing elevation in view of stony mountain area and loess area. Results showed that hydrological effects including evapotranspiration and its components, water yield and deep soil percolation among forest, farmland and grassland had significant difference, and the same vegetation type in different regions (stony mountain area and loess area) had obviously different effects on hydrological process. Because of the area and elevation difference of vegetation landscape pattern, the hydrological process in different areas and elevation sections had difference. For example, in stony mountain area, the precipitation and evapotranspiration in elevation section of 2 250-2 922 m dominated by forest was largest to 641 mm and 484 mm respectively, while the precipitation in elevation section of 1 750-2 250 m with farmland, grassland and forest scattered around was larger to 590 mm, but the evapotranspiration was lowest to 434 mm; in arid loess area with precipitation of 514 mm, the evapotranspiration in two elevation sections of 1 026-1 350 m and 1 350-1 750 m with farmland and grassland were 458 mm and 440 mm respectively. In addition, the difference of the ratios between hydrological process elements and precipitation in both areas was more significant, but is not obvious for different elevation sections in the same area.

Key words: the upper reaches of Jinghe, vegetation type, hydrological component, landscape scale

中图分类号: 

  • P339