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  • 2006 Volume 26 Issue 1
    Published: 20 January 2006
      
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  • The Evlutin of Spatial Economic Structure in the Less Develped Region and Its Effects on Regional Economic Growth: the Case of Henan Prvince
    LI Xiao-Jian, FAN Xin-Sheng
    2006, 26(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.1
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    This paper examines the evolution of spatial economic pattern in a typical less developed but fast growing province by using county as a spatial unit and per capita GDP as measuring index for the level of regional economic development. The result shows that the economy in Henan province appears in a process of spatial centralization, and the spatial economic structure supports notion of core-periphery suggested by regional economists. By using a spatial auto-correlation technique to compare the growth of per capita GDP in every county with its neighborhood counties, the one hundred and twenty seven counties in Henan Province were classified as four types (HH, HL, LL, LH). The spatial patterns of these kinds of counties were analyzed by diagrammatic representation. A linear regression model was then used to explain the effects of these patterns on economic growth. The result shows that, in Henan as s whole there is no prominent spatial correlation of economic growth between one county and its neighborhood counties. In other word, evidence does not support the spillover effects of economic growth between one county and its neighborhood counties. But within the agglomeration region of the province the spillover effects of economic growth between counties are evident.
  • A geographical study on the spatial dynamics of the old industrial city, Zibo
    QI Yuan-Ling, WANG Ji-Ci, REN Bao
    2006, 26(1): 7-12. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.7
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    Since china's reform and opening to the outside world, spatial industrial changes have occurred and new industrial clustering have emerged in Chinese old industrial cities(so called old industrial base)with the impact of globalization and technology change. Based on the survey of Zibo, one of the old industrial cities in China, this paper analyzes the multiple reasons of this dynamics of industrial location. This paper indicates that within the old industrial city the rising of new industrial areas near the old one illuminates the city's development potential. In the context of the reform and opening, the increase of independent operation right in the state-owed enterprises and the growth of non-state-owed enterprises have become the endogenous force in Zibo. The attraction of the location of natural resources has declined while importance of the location of specialized markets is increasing. Besides, the government's decision-making and transportation facilities still are important location factors for industries. For the old industrial cities, the start-ups, spin-offs and agglomeration of enterprises are the crucial vigor, so we need pay much attention to it.
  • Locational Patterns of Investment on R&D and Regional Economic Development
    JIANG Huai-Yu, LI Tie-Li
    2006, 26(1): 13-19. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.13
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    There are two locational patterns of R&D's investment.One is concentrating and the other is dispersing spatially. The Schumpeterian strand of the endogenous growth approach has highlighted the advantages of spatially concentrating the R&D effort in a few areas, in order to maximize external economies and technological spillovers. Innovation is then expected to spill over from these technologically advanced areas to neighboring regions. The neoclassical view, in contrast, considers that decreasing returns means investment in core areas is less effective than that in peripheries. Based on the empirical test of the locational patterns of R&D's investment in China, from the point of investment and effect of output, we find that it has more advantages of spatially concentrating R&D's investment in technologically advanced areas. From the views of the intensity of R&D's investment, and the promoting effect on economic development, scientific research, industrialization, there have six types of areas which are distinct from each others. In the six types of areas, there are the scientific pattern which are often belong to few technologically advanced areas, and the industrial pattern which can use for reference to technologically lagging areas. At last, the comparison and analysis of the gaps of technologically lagging areas have been conducted.
  • A Study on Tourism Effect of Adjustment of Administrative Demarcation—Giving consideration to comparison of the tourism effect of adjustment of administrative demarcation between Huangshan City and Jinggangshan City
    YU Feng-Long, LU Lin, CAO Wen-Bin, ZHU Tao-Xing
    2006, 26(1): 20-25. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.20
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    Adjustment of administrative demarcation takes either positive or negative impact on tourism industry. On the basis of much on-the-spot investigation, the author, with Jinggangshan City taken as a major example, has analyzed the effect of tourism resources, tourism economics and tourism environment of adjustment in Jinggangshan City, and through the comparison of the tourism effect of adjustment made in administrative demarcation between Huangshan City and Jinggangshan City, the results are as follows:(1) Adjustment of administrative demarcation makes it possible for the tourism resources of Jinggangshan City to be perfectly integrated from terra and historical context, and at the same time enriches the intention of tourism products. Adjustment dispels the shielding effect of tourism on previous Ninggang County made by previous Jinggangshan City, avoids the repeated construction of the infrastructure, considers completely production layouts, forms scale economy, thus promotes the development of regional tourism economy. Adjustment eliminates the barrier of administrative division of environmental renovation, with an overall plan having been made, the concentration of the fund on strengthening the protection of the key scenic spot and management of the ecological environment has been proved quite successful. (2) The management is still in the position to be further improved, and the system of management and the profit of different departments are supposed to be further coordinated in Jinggangshan City. With adapting itself to the practiced requirement of tourism industry development of Huangshan City in certain period, the adjustment of administrative demarcation helps to establish the Huangshan tourism as a well-known brand and to promote the development of tourism economics in Huangshan City, on the other hand, with the further development of tourism, the strategy of reserving the Huizhou cultural tourism resources, and based on which the development of tourism product and tourism brand are to some extend restrained.
  • Research on the Spatial Structure Evolution and Its Adjustement of Tumen River Region
    LI Xiu-Min, WU Xiao-Qing
    2006, 26(1): 26-32. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.26
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    The evolution of regional spatial structure has always been main research field of economic geography for a long time. As a cross border economic zone, Tumen River Region has some special laws in the spatial structure evolving differing from the general region. Utilizing the theories and methods of many relevant disciplines, such as economic geography, regional economics, international economy and trade geography, etc., the authors analyzes the influencing factors, general characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of the spatial structure evolution in Tumen River Region respectively. Basing on above-mentioned analysis, the authors put forward many countermeasures for optimizing and adjusting the spatial structure in order to promoting the integrated process of economic development and spatial structure in Tumen River Region.
  • Ecological Security Assessment and Eco-environment Construction of Xigaz? Prefecture on Tibetan Plateau
    ZHAO Yan-Zhi, ZHANG Chun-Lai, ZOU Xue-Yong, CHENG Hong, CHEN Xue-Hua, YANG Zhong
    2006, 26(1): 33-39. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.33
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    The ecological security assessment system of Xigaz? Prefecture in Tibetan Autonomous Region is established with PSR (Pressure-State-Response) model and AHP (analytic hierarchy process). Ecological security status in Xigaz? Prefecture is also comprehensively evaluated in this paper. Study results show the ecological environment in Xigaz? Prefecture has deteriorated to the middle-alarm status at present. Deterioration of ecological environment has become the major barrier to local economic development and social advancement. In the meantime, the ecological security indices of 18 counties have been calculated one by one, the indices of all of the counties are in the middle-alarm status, except Gyirong County, and there exists remarkable regional differentiation, the problem of ecological security in east is more predominant. Furthermore, proposals for improving the ecological environment are put forward according to the regional differentiation of ecological factors and the requirement of ecological security construction. It is suggested to build five regions for ecological environment construction. At the same time, the ecological characteristics, problems and the countermeasures of each region are expatiated.
  • Inflence of Climatic Change on Flow over the Upper Reaches of Heihe River
    LI Lin, WANG Zheng-Yu, WANG Qing-Chun
    2006, 26(1): 40-46. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.40
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    The annual flow over the upper reaches of the Heihe River shows increasing in the recent 42 years, which is extremely significant in winter, but all in all, it is relatively stable, the conversion of abundant and rare year is fairly balanced. Precipitation is the primary factor to impact the flow of the upper reaches of the Heihe River, the increasing of precipitation is closely related to the increasing of flow in summer, and the increasing of flow in summer impacts the increasing of annual flow. The ascending of air temperature, especially in autumn, causes the enlargement of snow melting of high mountain, and therefore makes flow increase during the non-flood period, which accelerates the river basin evaporation, especially in summer, and also makes the depletion of ground water resource increasing, and has a elimination function for the annual flow increasing caused by the precipitation.
  • Evolution of Landform and Karst Development in Tangshan, Nanjing
    ZHOU Chun-Lin, YUAN Lin-Wang, LIU Ze-Chun, ZHANG Hui
    2006, 26(1): 47-51. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.47
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    Lithological character and geologic structure determine the landform pattern and its evolution in Tangshan area, Nanjing. Through studying the evolution course of the karst physiognomy in Tangshan area, this paper shows that the karst evolution in this area is marked by protracted nature, multi-era and inheritance. In the Paleozoic the paralic transition was the main characteristic. The karst cave in the first stage was developed in the middle-late Carboniferous and heretofore. In the Mesozoic the folding block-fault mountain and basin were developed. Among them, the palaeokarst was fully enriched from the ending of Trias to Lias. The differential uplifting mountains came into being in the Cenozoic. Since the Neogene period, the modern karst development stage began to occur. As the karst evolution in Tangshan area has the characteristics of complexity and inheritance, and in the karst cave of vertical distribution, there exists the intercrossed and superimposed caves, which were formed in the different stages. Moreover, the karst caves had gone through many changes in the different stages so that their original height sequence were possiblly changed, thus the height of the caves was not regarded as the only criterion to judge their ages. The well-known homo erectus cave in Nanjing is possible related with the fully enriched palaeokarst from the end of Trias to Lias, the principal part of which could be seen at present was mainly formed in the Neogene period. The cave came into the physical infilling stage in the Middle Pleistocene. The entrance of the cave began to block in till the initial stage of the Late Pleistocene and took the chemical deposit as the dominant factor. Therefore, it can be seen that the well-known homo erectus cave in Nanjing came into being after the Neogene period.
  • Structural Design for Assistant Decision System of DDES Based on Knowledge Expression
    FU Wei
    2006, 26(1): 52-57. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.52
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    This paper presents building principle and accomplishing approach of Assistant Decision System for Design and Decision Expert System of Rational Land Use(DDES),and discusses the means of expert knowledge expression and inference control strategies in the DDES. The field expert knowledge is divided into several grading levels and classifications in the system. And the frame-net data structures and productive rules are used to express special knowledge and experimental knowledge of geographic field expert so that the expression of knowledge is more concise and easy to understand. Meanwhile the indistinct inference mechanism is introduced in the inference tactics of knowledge so that the reasoning mechanism is assuredly realized. Furthermore, taking Urumqi river basin as a test region, the author expounds expression approach of expert knowledge for land rational use design and decision in the watershed,and probes the basic rules of expert knowledge expression as well as the organization model of expert knowledge in the system. Moreover, the author also discusses the design principle and organization approach of inference rules for inference engine of the system as well as inference algorithms of inference engine.
  • A Grid-based Distributed Rainfall-runoff Simulation System and Its Application
    DU Jin-Kang, Xie Shun-Ping, LUO Wei-Jia, XU You-Peng
    2006, 26(1): 58-63. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.58
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    A grid-based distributed rainfall-runoff simulation system has been developed in this paper. The system can split the catchment into a number of square or rectangular grid elements using DEM, extract topographic attributes of elements such as slope, upslope flow contributing area, and classify the grid elements into hillslope elements and channel ones. Each hillslope grid element has model components for interception, infiltration, overland flow and lateral soil water flow, and each channel element has model component of channel flow. The infiltration and excess rainfall on each hillslope element are calculated using the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, soil lateral flows are based on Darcy's law and continuity equation, overland and channel flows are described by one dimensional kinematic wave approximation to the St Venant equations. Implicit finite differential scheme is used to solve these equations. The hydrological parameters are determined from digital soil and land use data. The system also has the ability of spatial data interpolation, visualization and statistics of the results. The interpolation approaches include Thiessen, Kriging, inverse distance weighted averaging, and trend surface methods. The visual components of system include the 1-D and 3-D visualization of rainfall, infiltration, surface runoff, and subsurface flows for one or all elements, and synchronized 3-D visualization for any two processes of the catchment.The system was applied to the simulation of two flood events happened in Hangtuling watershed, Zhejiang Province, China. The data input for the simulation were: rainfall and runoff time series of two events, the DEM, land use map, and soil map of the watershed. By sensitivity analysis of parameters, Manning's roughness of surface and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity were determined to be calibrated. The first event was used to calibrate the model, and the second for testing. The results show that the system is capable of simulating rainfall-runoff processes with least data requirements and easy operation.
  • GIS-based Ecological Sensitivity Analysis in the East of Wujiang City
    YIN Hai-Wei, XU Jian-Gang, CHEN Chang-Yong, KONG Fan-Hua
    2006, 26(1): 64-69. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.64
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    The sustainable development of ecology and environment is the base of regional sustainable development, while the classification of ecological sensitivity is the base and premise of the planning on ecology and environment. In this article, with the advanced GIS technology, using the factor-overlay method, ecological sensitivity in the east of Wujiang, Jiangsu Province is thoroughly analyzed by selecting regionally representative factors. Five classes of ecological sensitivity ranging from low to extreme were generated: non-sensitivity zone, low sensitivity zone, moderate sensitivity zone, high sensitivity zone and extreme sensitivity zone, and advices and countermeasures for different zones are put forward, in order to provide valuable references for the environment protection and industry distribution. The results showed that: about 48.63% of the study area was upper moderate ecological sensitivity zone, which shows that the sensitivity is super high.
  • A Study on Urban Thermal Field of Changchun City in Summer Based on Satellite Remote Sensing
    ZHAO Yun-Sheng, DU Jia, SONG Kai-Shan, HU Xin-Li
    2006, 26(1): 70-74. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.70
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    With the rapid development of urbanization, problems caused by heated-island influence in big cities have become more and more serious and unneglectful than ever before. It is necessary and useful for city planner and managers to investigate rapidly and effectively the distribution, intension and effective factors of heated-island in these cities. By means of advanced remote sensing, the distribution and change of ground heat field can be monitored synchronously and continuously. In this paper, Changchun was investigated as an example. A correlation model was built between ground temperature and image brightness of LANDSAT TM Band 6,and a map of ground heat field was made by image enhance method and the density partitions. Results show that the heat field of Changchun presents regular distribution. It is also found that the distribution of city energy-consuming and landcover affects directly the upper ground temperature. In the end of the paper, several factors influencing the heat field of Changchun City are also analysed.
  • Albedo-NDVI Space and Remote Sensing Synthesis Index Models for Desertification Monitoring
    ZENG Yong-Nian, XIANG Nan-Ping, FENG Zhao-Dong, HU Huo
    2006, 26(1): 75-81. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.75
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    Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land surface albedo are very important biophysical parameters of land surface. In this paper we analyzed quantitatively the relationship between the severity of desertification and vegetation index (NDVI) and albedo. Through experiment and theoretical reasoning, we proposed a conception of Albedo-NDVI space and discussed its biophysical characteristics. Then, we analyzed the locations of different land cover classes and the trajectory of desertification in the Albedo-NDVI space. This knowledge can be used to improve current strategies for desertification mapping and change monitoring, by defining measurements in this feature space. Therefore, we present a methodology to monitor severity of desertification. Desertification field data, available data in the literature, and ancillary data were linked with land cover characteristics (vegetation index, land surface albedo) derived from Landsat ETM+ multispectral image. The desertification synthetic index, desertification difference index (DDI), was produced, which combined information contained in the Albedo-NDVI space. This synthesis index is easy to use and possess biophysical properties of the land surface. We proposed this synthesis index as powerful one for desertification assessment.
  • Character of the Greenhouse Gas Emission in the Freshwater Mire under Human Activities
    SONG Chang-Chun, WANG Yi-Yong, WANG Yue-Si, ZHAO Zhi-Chun
    2006, 26(1): 82-86. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.82
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    The laws of CO2, CH4, N2O emission were studied in freshwater mire in the Sanjiang Plain with the aid of static chamber techniques. During the growing season, in seasonal flooded mire wetlands, Calamagrostis angustifolia shows the strongest soil respiration, however, in perennial flooded mire, Carex lasiocarpa shows the weakest soil respiration; and after the mire wetlands cultivation, soil respiration increase greatly for the influence of soil temperature. The CH4 emission from different mire wetlands varied greatly in temporal and spatial scales, after the mire wetlands cultivation, CH4 emission decreases significantly, which maybe tightly related to the soil hydrological and thermal condition, plant community and growing situation. Farmland soil always is the source for N2O during growing season in the Sanjiang Plain. Weak N2O emission was observed in perennial flooded mire wetland in growing season, but it is strong from seasonal flooded meadow for its water-saturated soil condition lasting a long term, and highest in farmland soil. Generally, the increasing trend of N2O emission occurs along with decreasing of soil moisture. The N2O emission from mire wetlands soil shows significant relation with soil temperature, but insignificant from farmland.
  • Disaster Effects of Sea Level Rise——A Case of Jiangsu Coastal Lowland
    LI Jia-Lin, WANG Yan-Hong, ZHANG Ren-Shun, GE Yun-Jian, QI De-Li, ZHANG Dian-Fa
    2006, 26(1): 87-93. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.87
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    With the global warming and increasing anthropic impacts on coastal zone, sea level rise seems inevitable. As a result, sustainable development of society and economy of coastland will be directly influenced by the disaster effects of sea level rise. In the past century, global sea level rise rate has been marked as 1 to 2mm per year in average. More and more attentions begin to be paid to global sea level rise and effects to coastal regions. Disaster effects of sea level rise are series of events (such as storm tide, coastal erosion, salt marsh lose, ruin of coastal protection engineering and so on) that could cause disasters to coastal regions. Jiangsu coast is known as its long coastline, wide coastal plain and inter-tidal mudflat. A deep and loose sediment layer deposited recently along the coast make the land subsidence be obvious. Added up with the Eustatic Sea Level Rise (ESLR), the relative sea level rise rate of the region is far higher than that of the globe in average. What's more, most of the coastal plain of Jiangsu is only slightly higher than the regional mean high water. Fced to remarkable relative sea level rise, the region will inevitably suffer from more serious disaster effects. Methods of regional land subsidence adding up with global sea level rise in average (Eustatic sea level) and tide data analysis are employed, relative sea level rise along Jiangsu coast in the coming 30, 50 and 100 years are assessed in the paper. On the base of these, disaster of storm tide, erosion of coast, loss of coastal wetland, damnification of tide locks, boosting of flood disaster and ruin of coastal protection engineering along Jiangsu coast are quantificationally analyzed. And pre-warnings are made for different lowlands along Jiangsu coast, and concluded that the most severe victim is the coastal plain of mid-Jiangsu, followed by the abandoned Huanghe River Delta Plain and the Changjiang River Delta Plain, the Haizhouwan Coast in the north of Jiangsu Province will be slightly impacted correspondingly. Some countermeasures against these disaster effects are also analyzed in the paper.
  • An Analytical Study on the Influence of Slope and Azimuth on Insolation-duration on Global Slope Surface
    SUN Han-Qun
    2006, 26(1): 94-100. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.94
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    The insolation-duration on global slope surface can be calculated by the sunrise and sunset hour angle on the slope. According to laws of the match relations of sunrise and sunset hour angle on slope surface, there are four formulae with different forms for calculating the insolation-duration on global slope surface. These formulae are as follows:
    Ts=2Eω0
    Ts=2Eωx
    Ts=E(ω0+ωx-|ωm|)
    Ts=E(2ω0+2ωx-2π)
    Where Ts is insolation-duration on slope, E is a constant 3.82 (hour/radian), which is the conversion factor from radian to hour. ω0 is the sunrise and sunset hour angle on horizontal surface. ωx is the sunrise and sunset hour angle on non-horizontal surface.ωm is a parameter of the slope. These formulae can be treated as function of the latitude, slope angle, azimuth and the declination. The influence of slope and azimuth on insolation-duration on slope surface is considerable complicated. In different latitude and declination,the influence of slope and azimuth on insolation-duration is different too. According to the partial derivative of insolation-duration to the slope, through fair and foul, it is true that the insolation-duration on slope increases or the insolation-duration holds the line with slope increasing. So, the insolation-duration on slope is always longer than or equal to that value on horizontal surface.This law can be extended to any period of time such as one month or one season. According to the partial derivative of insolation-duration to azimuth, it is quite complicated that the insolation-duration on slope varies with azimuth. Beyond the two critical azimuths, the insolation-duration on slope varying with azimuth is flat or does not vary with azimuth. When the azimuth is between the two critical azimuths, there are three different cases for the insolation-duration on slope varying with azimuth. For given declination and slope, there are two critical latitudes that are function of the slope and declination. Between the two critical azimuths and between the two critical latitudes, there is a minimum of the insolation-duration on slope varying with azimuth. Between the two critical azimuths and beyond the two critical latitudes, the insolation-duration on slope varying with azimuth is flat, the insolation-duration on slope increases or decreases always with azimuth.From all azimuths of slope surface,the two critical azimuths maybe the azimuth in which the insolation-duration on slope is extremum of all insolation-duration. Between the two critical azimuth, if the latitude is equal to declination, the insolation-duration on slope does not vary with azimuth.In north pole or south pole, the insolation-duration on slope does not change with azimuth too. The insolation-duration on slope surface is equal between opposite azimuth with the same slope angle, latitude and the declination. The law of the influence of slope and azimuth on insolation-duration on slope surface in the Northern Hemisphere is fit for the Southern Hemisphere too. But in the Southern Hemisphere, the influence of slope and azimuth on insolation-duration on slope surface is opposite to the Northern Hemisphere in azimuth of slope and the declination.
  • Collaborative Experiment of Qianshanhe River on Draining Pollution Water and Removing Silt by Utilizing Water Power and Experiment Effect Analysis
    LI Kun, ZENG Cai-Hua, JIANG Tao, CHEN Jun
    2006, 26(1): 101-106. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.101
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    The paper designs a diversion dilution experiment, trying to seek a simple way to diversion dilution and removing silt in a tideway of river. For the purpose of draining pollution water and removing silt, changing normal regulation of hydraulic structures to a collaborative means, the experiment was performed to diversion abundant clean water from Modaomen waterway in the Xijiang river to increase flow velocity and discharge in the Qianshanhe River to drain pollution water and remove silt in the River so as to improve the water quality of the rivers. The experiment results in good effect of draining pollution water and definitely water quality improvement. The main trough of riverbed was deepened by large discharge of the river while silted near the river mouth because the sand brought by current deposited near the mouth after closing the water gate. The variation of the silt quality relates much to silt, after experiment the silt quality was improved upriver where silt was removed and worsened in the deposited river mouth. This experiment proves to be quick effective and low-cost with good results.
  • Exploring the Green Island Model ——A case study of a recycling agriculture enterprise in Guangdong Province
    XIAO Ling
    2006, 26(1): 107-110. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.107
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    From as early as its establishing in 1996, the Green Island Eco-agricultural Company put into effect in sequence strategies as "Fruit Forest Development", "Composite Development of Planting and Stockbreeding" and "Farm Tourism Propelling Development". Accordingly, the past 9 years witnessed the production sites experiencing the three stages of "Industrial Base of Brand-name, High Quality and Rare Fruits of Green Island Company", "Eco-agricultural Base of Mixed Development of Pig-Marsh Gas-Fruit" and " Recycling Agricultural Base of Green Island Company". This process helped its practice into shape, which is called "Green Island Model". The author think the company in this case is a recycling agricultural enterprise with tourism industry as its locomotive, and the "Green Island Model" complies with the notion of resources saving and the idea of recycling economy. Therefore it can be regarded as one of the advanced agricultural enterprise models. The basic characteristics of this model are: the synthesis of its enterprise operation, low pollution, low consumption but high output and high quality in production, recyclability in resources using and sustainability in development.The significance of "the Green Island Model" lies in its breakthrough in the growth pattern of traditional low efficiency agriculture, in nursing recycling agricultural enterprises and in setting up good example for eliminating poverty through agriculture, which can help build a harmonious society and contribute to the sustainable development of the society we live in.
  • Development Tendency of Urban Transport Geography
    CAO Xiao-Shu, XUE De-Sheng, YAN Xiao-Pei
    2006, 26(1): 111-117. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.111
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    Starting from the introduction and comparison of the two most classic English textbooks and two Chinese ones in the field of urban transport, we explored, in the first section, the core definitions accessibility, mobility, equity, residential pattern, and employment pattern, etc. Any approach to measurement of demand for personal travel usually rests upon the closely interrelated concepts of mobility and accessibility. Mobility levels and constraints upon the extent to which particular journeys are made depend upon personal factors such as health and financial resources and upon the range of transport facilities that are available. Any person will experience a life cycle with quite different opportunities and requirements for travel at each stage. We focused our discussion of the second part upon the topic of the linkage between urban transport and urban spatial transition, including that between urban transport and urban morphology & spatial structure, and that between urban transport and land use. Land use and transportation are mutually dependent. The characteristics of the transportation system determine accessibility, or the ease of moving from one place to another. Accessibility in turn affects the location of activities, or the land use pattern. The location of activities in space, together with the transportation resources connecting them, affects daily activity patterns, which in turn result in travel patterns. Land use and transportation are part of the larger urban system: the collection of people, institutions, and infrastructure that together form the urban space economy. We discussed the urban travel research in the third section, including the aggregate and disaggregate travel models, studies of urban logistics and urban freight transport. Facilities for the transport of people and freight within urban area vary widely. The greater share of personal travel is now carried out by private means of transport although public passenger rail and bus undertaking are still of importance for commuter movements. In the next part we reviewed the study of urban transport policy and other involved research. Urban transport is part of the daily rhythm of life. Mobility is a fundamental human activity and need, but is restricted by the friction of distance. As a complex industry in terms of land use, employment and functions, urban transport is a major factor interlinked with the environment and with the spatial distribution and development of all other forms economic and social activity. Geographical theories, methods and perspectives contribute significantly towards an understanding of transport problems and their eventual solution. We compared the urban transport research in domestic and outside China before the conclusion. There are two main reasons explain why urban transport geography important. First, urban transport industries, facilities, infrastructures and networks occupy substantial areas of geographical space, constitute complex spatial systems and provide substantial numbers of widely spread jobs. Second, urban geography is concerned with interrelationships between phenomena in a spatial patterns, and transport is frequently one of the most potent explanatory factors.
  • Panyu: The Earliest Set Sail Port of the Maritime Silk Route of South China —Some Views on A Review on Researches in Earliest Departure Harbor of Silk Road on Sea in Ancient China
    ZHAO Huan-ting
    2006, 26(1): 118-127. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.01.118
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    The paper by HAN Hu-Chu et al.commented the earliest set sail portof the maritime silk route of ancient China has some insufficiencies: ①this title is exaggerated. It is intended to discuss on China, but only discuss upon South China.② it is said that the people had a rather unanimous view, that is, three harbors of Hepu, Xuwen and Rinan in Beibuwan Bay were the earliest set sail ports of the maritime silk route of ancient South China, which is against Panyu theory. This is inconsistent with the facts, because some papers of the Panyu theory had not been listed as references and analyzed. ③ The arguments for Beibuwan Bay theory or against Panyu theory are not convincing. Based on the historical literature, archaeological achievement and historical geographical condition, this paper is analyzed these arguments one by one, as well as getting a conclusion—Panyu was the earliest set sail port of the maritime silk route of ancient South China.