Abstract: This paper analyzed the characteristics of surface temperature and precipitation changing over the Antarctic region in the past two decades based on the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data. Under the background of global warming, the temperature of Antarctic region increases in winter, spring and autumn, but the summer temperature tends to drop. The annual temperature also increases. The strongest warming occurs in winter. Antarctic precipitation of all four seasons in increasing. The variation of temperature and precipitation has different features in different areas. Evidence shows that the atmospheric circulation may play an important role in making the difference between places. Annual average AOI correlated to surface temperature and precipitation of Antarctica is -0.55 and -0.31 respectively, and the temperature to precipitation is 0.57. These facts show that in annual time scale the variation of surface air temperature and precipitation are both affected, or controlled, by the AOI. But, all AOI, temperature and precipitation have the same uprward trend, especially the trend of AOI and precipitation is pronounced. One feasible explanation is that under the background of global warming, Antarctic temperature is also increasing, higher temperature means more moisture in air, then increasing precipitation can be expected. Many general circulation models also suggest that precipitation amounts in polar latitudes will increase under the double CO 2 scenarios, especially in Antarctic region.