Cultivating and guiding new quality productivity to empower common prosperity is the inherent requirement and important focus of promoting Chinese-style modernization. The new quality productivity represents an advanced and transformative mode of production that aligns with the principles of China’s new development philosophy. As a critical driver of high-quality development, the cultivation and strategic deployment of new quality productivity to advance common prosperity constitute a fundamental requirement and a pivotal pathway for achieving Chinese modernization in the new era. This study embeds new quality productivity within the analytical framework of common prosperity, systematically examining the theoretical foundation and practical mechanism through which these forces contribute to a more equitable and sustainable society. Utilizing a comprehensive panel dataset encompassing 31 Chinese provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions from 2010 to 2022, this research employs a multi-method analytical approach to rigorously assess the impact of new quality productivity on common prosperity. The entropy weight method is first applied to constructing a scientifically robust evaluation index system for both new quality productivity and common prosperity. Subsequently, a dynamic spatial Durbin model is employed to capture the temporal and spatial spillover effects of new quality productivity, while a mediation effects model is utilized to dissect the underlying transmission mechanisms. The findings reveal that, in the process of achieving common prosperity, the influence of new quality productivity follows a nonlinear “U-shaped” trajectory, initially exhibiting a suppressive effect before transitioning to a promotive one. The long-term effects of new quality productivity on common prosperity significantly outweigh their short-term effects, while their spatial spillover effects on neighboring regions display an “inverted U-shaped” pattern. Moreover, the impact of new quality productivity on common prosperity exhibits significant regional heterogeneity across the eastern, central, and western regions of China. The study further identifies multiple pathways through which new quality productivity facilitate common prosperity: by stimulating technological innovation, accelerating industrial restructuring and upgrading, and optimizing the allocation of resources and production factors. Among these pathways, the mediating effect of technological innovation is the most pronounced. These findings underscore the foundational role of new quality productivity in advancing common prosperity and provide empirical support for policymakers seeking to leverage these forces in the pursuit of Chinese modernization.

Improving the efficiency of urban-rural integration development is a crucial scientific issue related to efficiency and quality changes. It is a vital approach for promoting coordinated regional economic development and meeting people’s needs for a better life. This paper uses methods such as the super-efficiency EBM model, Dagum Gini coefficient, spatial Markov chain, and spatial Durbin model to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution and driving mechanisms of the urban-rural integration development efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2021. The study finds that: 1) From 2006 to 2021, the efficiency of urban-rural integration development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a “decline-rise” trend, with the differentiation trend between cities showing a “decrease-increase-decrease” pattern. Regional differences between river basins are the main reasons for the divergence in urban-rural integration development efficiency. The overall spatial pattern shows a clear hierarchical “core-periphery” structure diffusion trend. 2) The urban-rural integration development efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibits “path dependence” and “self-locking” effects, with significant spatial transmissibility. High-efficiency areas have a positive spatial spillover effect on neighboring regions. 3) The level of informatization and financial development have a negative and positive impact, respectively, on improving the efficiency of urban-rural integration development in both local and neighboring areas. The degree of openness and the level of human capital are important factors for improving local efficiency but have negative spillover effects on adjacent areas. The level of social consumption does not significantly affect the efficiency of urban-rural integration development.

Different prohibited fishing areas in the Yangtze River Basin have different resource endowments, resulting in differences in the assistance paths to promote the resilience of fishermen’s livelihoods. Based on the theoretical framework of livelihood resilience of involuntary ecological migrants, this study uses survey data from 260 fishing households in the key fishing area of the Hubei section of the Yangtze River Basin. It combines the comprehensive index method, obstacle degree, and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the differences in livelihood resilience of fishing households in different waters of the Yangtze River and the best support policy path. The results showed that: 1) The overall livelihood resilience level of fishermen who quit fishing is relatively low, at 0.173, with significant regional differences. The highest resilience level is in the main (branch) flow protection area (0.199), and the lowest resilience level is in the inner lake protection area (0.128). 2) The obstacles to the livelihood resilience of fishermen vary in different prohibited fishing areas. The dimension of skill training is more important for fishermen in the main (branch) flow protection area, and the level of pension is a key factor affecting the well-being of fishermen in the inner lake protection area. The unsatisfactory social integration situation has become a core factor restricting the subsequent livelihood development of fishermen in non protected areas of the main (branch) streams. 3) The most suitable “policy driven” assistance policy for non protected areas is to focus on the transformation and restoration of livelihoods through increased policy efforts. The “social integration” support measures are the best for the main (branch) flow protection area, which provides strong support for the sustainable development of livelihoods by enhancing the social participation of fishermen. The allocation of natural and physical capital compensation for “livelihood capital type” in the inner lake protection area is the best solution, which ensures the stability and sustainability of fishermen’s livelihoods by increasing their livelihood capital stock.

The flow and integration of factors between urban and rural areas is an important approach to achieve common prosperity, and the integration of urban-rural factor is of great significance to the development of common prosperity. This paper constructs an evaluation index system of common prosperity from 3 dimensions of the co-construction, the shared development and the symbiotic development. Based on the relevant county-scale data of Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2021, this paper reveals spatial distribution characteristics of the development of common prosperity in Zhejiang Province, and uses the spatial Durbin model to reveal impacts of the urban-rural factor integration on common prosperity. The results show that there is positive spatial correlations between the development of common prosperity among counties in Zhejiang Province. Generally speaking, high-value accumulation areas of common prosperity in Zhejiang Province are mainly distributed in the eastern and northeastern coastal areas, while low-value accumulation areas are mainly distributed in the southwest and western inland areas. Morever, integrations of urban and rural elements in Zhejiang Province will promote the development of common prosperity, and this influence has a positive spatial spillover effect. Finally, from the perspective of different dimensions, the urban-rural factor integration in Zhejiang Province plays a significant role in promoting the co-construction and the shared development, but it has no significant positive impacts on the symbiotic development. From the perspective of different periods, urban-rural factor integration in Zhejiang Province have significant positive impacts on common prosperity from 2015 to 2021, while it has no significant promoting effects from 2011 to 2014.

Relative poverty is a crucial factor that constrains social harmony and stability. The Loess Plateau region is a composite area characterized by both ecological and economic poverty. Investigating the degree, influencing factors, and formation mechanisms of relative poverty in rural areas of poverty alleviation regions in this area can provide a scientific basis for the effective governance of relative poverty. This article takes Pengyang County in Ningxia as the study area and constructs a relative poverty measurement system from 5 dimensions: material foundation, economic conditions, capabilities, development opportunities, and social security. The relative poverty index model is used to measure rural relative poverty. By defining a relative poverty line, 421 households with relative poverty were identified. The Geodetector was employed to analyze the influencing factors of relative poverty, and on this basis, the formation mechanisms of individual and regional relative poverty were explored. The results indicate that: 1) With the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policies, the relative poverty in Pengyang County is relatively low in the dimensions of material foundation and development opportunities, but high in the dimensions of economic conditions, capabilities, and social security; 2) The Geodetector results show that average elevation, labor force proportion, infrastructure satisfaction, and wage income proportion are the dominant factors influencing relative poverty, while the education level of the main labor force, medical expenditure, access to microcredit, and the contribution rate of the primary industry are secondary factors; 3) The interactions among these factors lead to the obstruction of sustainable livelihoods for rural households and significant regional development disparities. To break the dilemma of relative poverty in rural areas of poverty alleviation regions on the Loess Plateau, it is urgent to use urban-rural integration as a bond to improve the integrated urban-rural infrastructure and equalize public services. At the same time, relying on cross-regional factor mobility to break development barriers and innovating governance scales, a multi-level coordinated governance system should be established to lay a solid foundation for rural revitalization and common prosperity.

Analyzing the population evolution trajectories of shrinking cities is crucial for understanding the complexity and diversity of urban shrinkage as a dynamic process. Based on the research perspective of trajectory typology for urban shrinkage, this paper employs the resident population in urban areas as an indicator to identify population changes in the urban physical area, while using the population in municipal districts as an indicator to identify population changes in the urban administrative area. This approach is adopted to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of urban shrinkage in China from 2000 to 2020. At the same time, the mechanism of the shift from shrinkage to recovery of cities was emphatically discussed. The results show that, population shrinkage in China’s urban physical areas has generally alleviated. A significant number of cities have recovered from shrinkage in East, Central, and West China. Cities experiencing continuous shrinkage are mainly located in Northeast China, while recently shrinking cities are widely distributed with diverse causes. Compared to the physical area, urban resident population shrinkage is more common in administrative area in China. The divergence in shrinkage trajectories between administrative and physical areas reveals distinct spatial development patterns, such as center-absorbing growth and suburbanization. According to the push-pull theory of migration, different trajectory types are essentially outcomes resulting from the mutual feedback among a city’s internal system, external support, and government governance. Based on the analytical perspectives of regional spatial coordination, urban restructuring, and multi-level governance, the drivers facilitating the transition from shrinkage to recovery primarily fall into 4 categories: regional coordination strategies mitigated interregional development disparities and stimulated return migration to shrinking cities; urban industrial diversification reignited momentum for regrowth; the restructuring of internal spatial configurations enhanced agglomeration effects within cities; targeted national policy support enabled cities to achieve functional repositioning and hierarchical scaling, ultimately realizing the shift from shrinkage to recovery. Finally, given the dynamic characteristics and governance effects of urban shrinkage, the paper proposes: 1) To establish a short-cycle population statistical system based on the physical area; 2) Refine differentiated urban governance policies tailored to distinct trajectory types.

Aviation hub cities are vital nodes in global air transport networks, facilitating the efficient flow of production factors. The intense competition among China-Europe aviation hubs reflects broader global competition within the aviation industry. However, research focusing on the competitive landscape of China-Europe aviation hub cities remains limited. Existing evaluations often prioritize quantitative factors over qualitative aspects, lacking a comprehensive analysis of hub strengths and weaknesses. This study introduced an improved Connectivity Utility Model to assess the competitiveness of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, and other Asian hubs in the China-Europe air transport market. The enhanced model addressed the complexities of inter-hub transfers in multi-airport cities and incorporated passenger preferences within a dual-dimensional framework that balanced both quantity and quality. The findings revealed: 1) Regarding inter-regional hub competition, Chinese hubs exhibited increasing strength in the number of transfer flights. Nevertheless, despite experiencing less competition from direct flights compared to their European counterparts, they continued to trail European hubs in terms of average transfer time and the proportion of flights operated within the same airline alliance. Additionally, Chinese hubs fell short of other Asian and Middle Eastern hubs in aspects such as average seat capacity, the proportion of shortest connection time flights, intra-airline transfers, and inter-hub connectivity in multi-airport systems. 2) Regarding intra-regional hub competition, within Chinese hubs, Hong Kong’s role as an intermediary hub gradually weakened, while Chengdu increasingly asserted itself as a key westward gateway hub. Within European hubs, emerging hubs such as Moscow and Istanbul posed competitive threats to traditional hubs like Frankfurt, Paris, and London. 3) While Chinese hubs made significant progress in improving their competitiveness, the focus remained heavily on quantity rather than quality. A shift from quantitative growth to qualitative breakthroughs was crucial for the high-quality development of Chinese hubs and for maintaining a leading position in the global hub competition. This study provided insights for enhancing the competitiveness of China’s hub cities through targeted strategies involving airlines, airports, and government collaboration.

As the basic unit of carrying urban functions, accurately identifying urban functional zones is the basis of urban research and planning. The research integrates urban big data such as nighttime light data and POI (Points of Interest), introduces the intensity of human activity and POI awareness, and carries out functional zones identification and analysis in urban built-up areas, overcoming the limitation of urban functional zones division based on single data source. We analyze the extent of various factors on the light value using geographical detector, construct Adjusted NTL Urban Index (PRE_ANUI) based on POI, road network data and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and extract the urban built-up areas using the dynamic threshold method. Adding the influence of human activities, we utilize light luminosity to reflect the activity of POI, quantifying the coupling effect of light value and POI. Introducing the public awareness indicator, the binary weighting model is constructed to conduct the urban functional zones identification, and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics, specialization characteristics and mixing degree characteristics within the built-up areas. Taking Qingdao City as an example, the research conducts an empirical study. Using the PRE_ANUI index proposed in this article, the built-up area in Qingdao is extracted considering the intensity of human activities, with the indicators such as accuracy rate and recall rate increasing by 2%-4%. Within the built-up area, the constructed binary weighting model is used to identify the urban functional zones, then characteristics of the functional areas in Qingdao are analyzed from the perspectives of professionalism and mixing degreed. The findings show that considering the intensity of human activities and the public awareness of POI, the identification of functional zones within urban built-up areas is more accurate and scientific, which provides a feasible technical method for the extraction and feature analysis of functional zones, and provides decision support for urban planning.

The reverse rural-urban migration offers a novel perspective for understanding of population mobility in China, and it is also a key indicator of the evolving relationship of urban-rural relations. Based on data from the 2020 National Population Census, this study classifies reverse rural-urban migration into 3 categories: overall, intra-provincial inter-county, and inter-provincial. Exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) methods are employed to identify spatial patterns, and a multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model is utilized to examine scale effects and spatial heterogeneity of factors influencing reverse rural-urban migration. The study revealed the following: 1) From 2010 to 2020, the scale of reverse rural-urban migration increased nationwide. 2) The spatial pattern of reverse rural-urban migration within the province exhibits a spatial pattern of dense east and sparse west “with the Hu Huanyong Line” as the boundary. The inter-provincial population flow between urban and rural areas presents a spatial structure characterized by “coastal linkage and belt formation, and inland single core interaction”. 3) The MGWR model analysis indicates multiscale effects and spatial heterogeneity in the spatial patterns of reverse rural-urban migration in China. NDVI and PM_2.5 mass concentration both exert negative effects on overall reverse rural-urban migration. Specifically, PM_2.5 mass concentration significantly reduces intra-provincial inter-county reverse rural-urban migration, while PM_2.5 mass concentration has a locally significant negative impact on inter-provincial migration flows. In contrast, the number of medical beds per 10 000 residents does not significantly influence either intra-provincial inter-county or inter-provincial reverse rural-urban migration. Additionally, NDVI shows no significant impact on inter-provincial migration. Other factors exhibit mixed influences, demonstrating both positive and negative effects across all three migration scales. The study aims to characterize the spatial pattern of reverse rural-urban migration in China, providing a theoretical foundation for activating new-type rural productivity and advancing the strategic goal of constructing a “Beautiful China”.

In the era of inventory planning, it is particularly important to accurately predict the function of updated land. The traditional land use change prediction model (PLUS model) mostly considers the static effects of natural environment and socio-economic factors such as elevation, slope and road. It ignores the dynamic role of the flow of production, living and ecological factors that can reflect the needs of residents’ activities on the land. To a certain extent, this has brought about ‘the land on the land’ and ‘supply and demand mismatch’ of the renewal scheme, which may lead to a new round of land shortage or vacancy. In this paper, the element change is introduced to improve the traditional PLUS model. Taking Tiebei District of Nanjing as the research area, the land use function changes are simulated and predicted in 5 future scenarios of sustainable ecological protection, high vitality business orientation, high efficiency public service orientation, high quality residential orientation and comprehensive development. The results of the model are analyzed and verified, and the direction and strategy of updating and optimization are put forward. The study found that: 1) The driving contribution of element changes is significantly higher than that of traditional factors, especially in residential and industrial functional areas. Among them, the driving influence of element changes is higher in population mobility trend, population activity intensity, bus travel service supply and ecological service supply. 2) In terms of multi-scenario simulation, the renewal trend of green space square and commercial business function in the study area is stronger, and the area increases by 25.43% and 13.1% respectively under the comprehensive development scenario. The other functional areas are reduced, especially the industrial area, and the functional layout is more reasonable. 3) Combined with the comparative analysis of superior planning and field interview verification, it is found that the model prediction results are highly reliable, which can refine the regional leading function of stock land renewal and optimize the land allocation scheme, provide decision support for urban planning and renewal work, and then improve the efficiency and quality of land use.

A comparative study of the urbanization of the registered population and the urbanization of the permanent population can precisely reflect the social problems such as the comprehensive level of social economy, environmental construction of residents’ settlement, the development of local industries and social services, and the utilization of administrative resources at a smaller scale. Narrowing the gap between the urbanization of household and resident population is the key to the quality and upgrading of new urbanization, and it also provides new perspectives for understanding the connotation of population urbanization under the household registration system. Based on the conceptual connotation of population urbanization, this article analyzes the process and characteristics of population urbanization in Hainan Island from the perspective of comparing the urbanization of household registration population and resident population from 2000 to 2022, and explores the spatial and temporal variations in the impact of economic development, infrastructure, livable environment, social services, cultural and technical levels on population urbanization using the spatio-temporal geographic weighting method. The results found that: 1) Hainan Island population urbanization process of heterogeneous asynchrony is prominent, the resident population urbanization process and the national level of the same trend, but the household population urbanization deviation is increasing; spatial formation of the “North Haikou and South Sanya” two poles, the coastal higher than the central pattern. 2) Economic development, infrastructure, livable environment, livelihood protection, culture, science and education all contribute to the urbanization process of the population, however, industrial employment capacity, transportation, social security and other challenges are still faced, and opening up to the outside world, scientific and technological inputs, livable environment and education configuration are the main factors causing the differences between the north and south, and the central coastal areas. 3) Each factor changes in stages over time and space, and accelerating the reform of the Hukou, improving the capacity of public service provision, and implementing regional differentiated development in the construction of the Free Trade Port are the main ways to solve the problems of asynchrony between economic development and public services, and the deviation of population urbanization on Hainan Island.

Since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy in 1978, China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization process has led to drastic changes in rural space. In parallel, the structure of rural territorial system has been constantly reconstructing. Accordingly, to reveal the evolution of environmental stress under the background of rural restructuring is an important topic in the study of rural geography. Rural restructuring is a complex economic-social-spatial phenomenon. Based on the theory of human-earth areal system and combined with existing research, rural restructuring can be divided into 3 dimensions: economic restructuring, social restructuring and spatial restructuring. In this article, we judge rural restructuring stage by identifying the dominant pattern of restructuring, and describe the degree of environmental stress through the relative changes of human activity intensity and natural environment carrying capacity. On these grounds, we try to analyze how the changes of rural restructuring factors affect the evolution of environmental stress in the Jianghan Plain. The primary conclusions can be summarized as follows. 1) Due to the development of the region and the improvement of infrastructure, the rural restructuring process in the case area presented the pattern evolution characteristics of “social restructuring leading-economic restructuring leading-spatial restructuring leading”. 2) There are regional differences in the characteristics of the evolution of environmental stress in the case areas under different dominant pattern of restructuring. The environmental stress of regional human activity is weaker under the dominant pattern of social restructuring, stronger under the dominant pattern of economic restructuring, and the stress tends to weaken under the dominant pattern of spatial restructuring. 3) The evolutionary mechanism of environmental stress manifests itself as a multidimensional restructuring factor driven jointly. The rapid development of non-agricultural industries will increase the pressure on regional resources and the environment, in addition, large-scale and high-input agricultural production methods may also aggravate environmental stress. The diversification of farmers’ livelihoods and the restructuring of rural production, living and ecological space may ease the human-land conflict through the efficient utilization of natural resources. At the end of this article, based on the research conclusions, we put forward some policy suggestions for optimizing the human-land relationship in traditional agricultural zones.

Based on the panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2011 to 2022 (excluding data of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Xizang), this study analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics, regional differences, and influencing factors of the coupling and coordination level of green finance and new energy development in China by using the entropy method, the coupling and coordination degree model, the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method, the spatial correlation analysis, and the spatial econometric model. The results show that: 1) On the whole, the degree of coupling and coordination between green finance and new energy development in China is low, and has long been in the antagonistic and friction zone. However, the coupling and coordination degree of the 2 systems of green finance and new energy development shows an upward trend year by year over time. At the same time, the coupling and coordination level of the development of green finance and new energy development in China shows a regional gradient characteristics, with South China and East China having the highest level of coupling and coordination and leading the way, followed by North China, Northeast China, and Central China, showing certain synergistic characteristics, and Southwest China and Northwest China being relatively low. 2) There are spatial differences in the coupling and coordinated development of green finance and new energy development at the provincial level in China, with the inter-regional differences are the main source of the differences in the coupling and coordinated development of the 2 systems, and interregional overlap also having a significant impact on this, while intraregional differences have a relatively small impact. 3) There are spatial agglomeration characteristics in the coupling and coordinated development level of green finance and new energy at the provincial level in China, and the agglomeration patterns are mainly ‘high-high’ agglomeration and ‘low-low’ agglomeration. Only few provincial administrative regions show ‘high-low’ and ‘low-high’ agglomeration distribution. Meanwhile, among all the provinces, those showing a high level of agglomeration are mainly provinces in the eastern coastal region, while those showing a low level of agglomeration are mainly provinces in the central and western regions. 4) Among the various influencing factors, the intensity of government environmental regulation, regional greening level, and the proportion of the tertiary industry have a significant positive impact on the coupling and coordinated development of green finance and new energy development; the degree of environmental pollution, government financial pressure, and the development level of digital technology have no significant impact on the coordinated development of the 2 systems.

This article divides the industry into 3 categories: raw material industry, equipment manufacturing industry and other industry, and discusses the industry characteristics and spatial differentiation of industrial resilience of 73 counties in Mid-southern Liaoning under the long-term disturbance of the national economic cycle and the short-term shock disturbance of the COVID-19 epidemic. The primary conclusions are as follows: 1) Under the slow disturbance of the national economic cycle, the industrial resilience in Mid-southern Liaoning showed a downward trend from 2004 to 2018, which was gradually lower than the national average level. This is mainly attributed to the low resilience of the pillar industries. The resilience of the subdivided industries also gradually declined compared to the national average, among which the resilience of the raw material industry was relatively high, and the resilience of the equipment manufacturing industry declined significantly. Under the short-term impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the resilience of industrial enterprises in Mid-southern Liaoning from 2019 to 2023 showed the resilience of equipment manufacturing enterprises was greater than raw material enterprises than other industrial enterprises. 2) The spatial distribution patterns of the overall industrial resilience and the resilience of the subdivided industries are relatively consistent, both presenting significant positive spatial autocorrelation characteristics, but the agglomeration trend is gradually weakening. 3) From 2004 to 2018, the impact of the industrial structure on industrial resilience varies depending on the type of pillar industry. The negative effect of related diversification on industrial resilience is significant, while the promotion of industrial resilience by unrelated diversity gradually weakened. 4) From 2019 to 2023, the internal and external connectivity of the knowledge network structure has different effects on industrial resilience. The tight and extensive external knowledge network of county-level units is conducive to the improvement of industrial resilience, particularly for equipment manufacturing enterprises, while the internal tight knowledge network of county-level units has negative effect on enterprise survival.

Identifying the characteristics and formation mechanisms of regional historical and cultural spatial patterns, and reshaping local historical contexts and cultural identities, can provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for regional high-quality development and urban-rural integration in the process of China’s modernization. Based on the theoretical framework of historical and cultural spatial analysis, revealing the evolutionary pattern, transition characteristics and influencing mechanism of historic and cultural space in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from the perspective of spatio-temporal interaction. The results show that: 1) On the whole, the historic and cultural space presented the spatial distribution of “more in the south and less in the north, more in the west and less in the east” and the migration characteristics of “northeast-southeast-southwest-southwest” meandering to the southwest, and the trend of unipolar was becoming more and more obvious. 2) In the time dimension, historic and cultural space showed a polarization-dispersion-polarization evolution process. Among them, the concentration degree was the strongest from prehistory to pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties to Sui and Tang dynasties, and gradually moved from the surrounding areas to Beijing and Tianjin; In terms of type characteristics, the concentration of ancient ruins and ancient architectural relics were the strongest, concentrated in Beijing and the southern Hebei. 3) In terms of transition characteristics, the local spatial pattern of historical and cultural space after Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties was gradually stable, with relatively fluctuating dependence direction and strong coordination and integration after Song, Liao and Jin dynasties. Moreover, the historical and cultural space before the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties had obvious transfer inertia and path dependence, and the historical and cultural space after the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties had obvious time-hopping changes, and appeared nonlinear cumulative process. 4) In terms of influencing mechanism, based on the evidence of natural geographical environment factors, the distribution of low altitude points to the enhancement, the number of micro slopes and gentle slopes was more, sunny relics predominate, and the characteristics of living near water were obvious. Due to the evolution of the humanity geographic environment, population, culture and traffic were the strong factors affecting the transition of historical and cultural space.

Owing to the distinctive geological environment and the intense influence of human engineering activities, the Western Sichuan region of China experiences frequent geological disasters. These events pose a severe and persistent threat to the safety of residents’ lives and property, as well as to the ecological security of the broader region. Focusing specifically on landslide hazards within Dechang County, Sichuan Province, this study establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system. This system integrates nine critical predisposing factors: slope gradient, slope aspect, topographic relief, distance to faults, slope structure, engineering lithological units, distance to roads, distance to drainage networks, and vegetation coverage ratio. Leveraging fundamental geological hazard datasets, combined with spatial analysis capabilities of the ArcGIS platform and remote sensing data, the research meticulously analyzes the spatial distribution patterns linking these selected indicators to the occurrence of landslide disasters. Subsequently, the study employs a sophisticated Information Value-Coupled Logistic Regression Model to assess landslide susceptibility. This integrated model effectively combines the probabilistic strengths of information value theory with the multivariate analytical power of logistic regression. Furthermore, recognizing the critical role of precipitation as a triggering mechanism, the model incorporates rainfall factors to generate a comprehensive integrated susceptibility assessment. The susceptibility evaluation results categorize the territory of Dechang County into four distinct zones: high susceptibility: accounting for 13.61% of the total area, moderate susceptibility: encompassing 52.83% of the total area, low susceptibility: covering 32.61% of the total area, very low susceptibility: representing 0.95% of the total area. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed Information Value-Coupled Logistic Regression Model were rigorously validated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve method. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) value achieved an impressive 0.912. This high AUC value signifies a model possessing superior predictive capability and substantial reliability, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing the complex spatial relationships governing landslide occurrence in this terrain.

In order to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of agricultural greenhouses in the north slope economic zone of Tianshan Mountains in the past 20 years, multi-temporal Landsat images of the study area from 1999 to 2020 were retrieved on the platform of Google Earth Engine (GEE), and the training samples of agricultural greenhouses were extracted from Landsat images by combining the high-resolution images of GF-2 and QuickBird satellites of the same period, and the feature space including tasseled cap transformation features, spectral index, texture, and topography was constructed by using the random forest algorithm. The feature space including tasseled cap transformation features, vegetation index, texture, topography, etc. was constructed, on the basis of which the remote sensing extraction model of agricultural greenhouses based on Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images was constructed by using the random forest algorithm, and the spatial distributions of agricultural greenhouses in the study area in the five periods of 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, respectively, were extracted, and the spatial distributions of agricultural greenhouses were calculated. and the landscape index and local Moran index of agricultural greenhouses in the study area were calculated. The results show that 1) The constructed remote sensing extraction model of agricultural greenhouses can accurately extract the agricultural greenhouses in the study area in each period, with the overall accuracy ranging from 94.39% to 99.41%, and the Kappa coefficients are all more than 0.95; 2) The agricultural greenhouses area of the study area in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were 7.91×10³ hm², 16.57×10³ hm², 22.69×10³ hm², 22.12×10³ hm² and 19.03×10³ hm² respectively; showing an increasing and then decreasing trend; 3) The agricultural greenhouse area of Urumqi County-Changji City showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, while the agricultural greenhouse area of Turpan City and Jinghe County showed a continuous increasing trend in the past 20 years; 4) The proportion of large areas and the degree of cohesion of agricultural greenhouses increased, while the degree of fragmentation decreased, indicating that the development trend of agricultural greenhouses in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains Economic Belt is moving in the direction of clustering and scale. However, some regions are still in the primary stage of development and urgently need policy guidance and regulation.

Under the background of climate warming and humidification, vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau has undergone a widespread and significant greening. However, warming has led to the melting of permafrost, altering the hydrothermal conditions necessary for vegetation growth and triggering changes in vegetation development. Addressing the difficult problem of quantifying the impact of permafrost under the general background of vegetation greening, this study meticulously analyzed the changes in vegetation greenness in source region of the Yangtze River, located in the heart of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, using Landsat satellite remote sensing data with high spatial resolution from 1988 to 2021 over a period of 33 years. It also quantitatively described the state of permafrost degradation using surface long-term deformation rates, thermokarst lake distribution, and thermokarst landslide distribution, thereby clarifying the response of vegetation to permafrost degradation. The research shows: 1) The average increase rate of NDVI in source region of the Yangtze River since 1988 is 0.0031/a, with greening areas accounting for 91.9% of the total source area, and browning areas accounting for 7.1% of the total source area; 2) With the increase of surface subsidence rate, the rate of vegetation greening accelerates, but when the subsidence rate exceeds 25 mm/a, the growth rate of NDVI gradually slows down, and when the subsidence rate further increases, some areas even show a significant decrease in NDVI; 3) The occurrence of thermokarst landslides significantly damaged the vegetation within the affected area, but the vegetation development within a 120 m range around it is better than the average level of the entire source area, and the degree of vegetation greening in the thermokarst lake area and its surrounding 60 m range lags behind the average level of the entire source area. The proportion of browning in the Yangtze River vegetation area is (here, only browning vegetation/vegetation area (NDVI greater than 0.1) is 7.1%, of which 29.6% of the browning vegetation is directly affected by the degradation of permafrost (here, only the browning vegetation with obvious permafrost impact signals is counted as a proportion of the browning area). This study, for the first time, quantifies the impact of permafrost under the general background of vegetation greening, providing a scientific basis for a deeper understanding of vegetation changes in permafrost areas under the background of global change and for the ecological protection and management of the Yangtze River source.

In this study, the depth of groundwater burial was chosen as the core indicator for assessing the risk of water resources carrying capacity of desert riparian forests, and Populus euphratica and Tamarix karelinii were used as the research objects, and the Random Forest Algorithm was used to establish the relationship between the depth of groundwater burial and temperature and precipitation in 2020, and to predict the risk of water resources carrying capacity of desert riparian forests in the different future climate scenarios. The risk of the water resources carrying capacity of desert riparian forests in Ejin Oasis was predicted under different climate scenarios in the future. The results of the study showed that: 1) The overall depth of groundwater in the desert riparian forests of Ejin Oasis ranged from 1.12 to 9.18 m, with an average value of 2.82 m. In 2020, the total distribution areas of Populus euphratica and Tamarix karelinii were 326.04 km² and 3 567.94 km², respectively. The water resources carrying capacity of 77.02% of the area in Populus euphratica distribution area is in the overloaded state, and 21.00% of the area in Tamarix karelinii distribution area is in the overloaded state. 2) Under the SSP1-1.9 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios, the groundwater burial depth in Populus euphratica distribution area is projected to increase by 0.31 m and 0.49 m, respectively, in 2025—2050; under the SSP2-4.5 climate scenario, it is predicted that the groundwater burial depth in Populus euphratica distribution area in 2025—2050 is projected to decrease by 0.43 m; groundwater burial depth in Tamarix karelinii distribution area is projected to increase by 0.47 m and 0.63 m, respectively, and groundwater burial depth in Tamarix karelinii distribution area is projected to decrease by 0.43 m from 2025 to 2050 under the SSP2-4.5 climate scenario. Under the three future climate scenarios, groundwater burial depths in Populus euphratica and Tamarix karelinii distribution areas of desert riparian forests are projected to show an overall increasing trend in 2025—2050, and these changes in spatial distribution are more significant in the upstream of the Ejin River, near Wolf Heart Mountain, and downstream of the Ejin Banner, near the town of Dalaikhuabu. The study concludes that future climate change will exacerbate the risk of the carrying capacity of the Ejin Oasis desert riparian forests, with significant impacts on their ecosystems. Therefore, to realize the sustainable development of the desert riparian forest ecosystem, it is necessary to strengthen the effective management and rational allocation of regional water resources. At the same time, water resources management should balance ecological protection and economic development and promote efficient utilization. These measures will help to improve the health and stability of the desert riparian forest ecosystem and ensure the sustainable development of the regional environment.

In the 13th century, Mongol troops swept across the Eurasian continent. Nevertheless, the soldiers and civilians at Diaoyu Fortress in Chongqing tenaciously defended against the Mongol Army for 36 years. It effectively hindered the westward advance of the Mongolian army, thus slowing down the decline of the Southern Song Dynasty. Diaoyu Fortress is situated on Diaoyu Mountain, adjacent to Dongcheng Peninsula in Hechuan District, Chongqing City. It guards the confluence of the Jialing River, the Qujiang River, and the Fujiang River, featuring rugged terrain. It is among the designated “Eight Key Fortresses” in the Sichuan defense system during the Song Dynasty. Its geographical coordinates range from 106°17′32″E to 106°19′22″E and 29°59′30″N to 30°01′15″N. In the 2019 archaeological excavation of the Fanjiayan Yashu site, the research group employed flotation on soil from the Southern Song deposit unearthed from F15. 3 classes, 5 orders, 5 families, 6 genera, and 6 species of animals were identified. This marks the first acquisition of animal bone remains in the Diaoyu Fortress archaeological process. Based on the previous historical documentary research and archeaological excavation of cultural relics remain, this study introduces scientific archeaological technique and method into the research field of Diaoyu Fortress, including flotation and zooarchaeology. From a zooarchaeological perspective, it suggests that the ancient environment of Diaoyu Fortress exhibited characteristics of a south subtropical zone climate. Plant growth here was flourishing, with multiple maturation cycles in a year or perennial growth. Precipitation was significant, water supply abundant, and the biological carrying capacity was high. These factors were crucial for sustaining subsistence and securing water for daily life in the fortress. During the siege of Diaoyu Fortress, there should have been poultry-raising and fishing in this fortress, and a variety of coexisting small mammals such as insectivora and chiroptera, which should be also hunted. Based on these premises, one can reasonably conclude the reasons Diaoyu Fortress could withstand for an extended period without surrendering. The fortress benefited from a favorable local ecological environment—the south subtropical zone climate, which aided in sustaining a subsistence economy, ensuring ample water supply, and other advantageous conditions. Combined with the treacherous terrain and the loyalty and courage of soldiers and civilians, the defense of Diaoyu Fortress constituted a miracle in world history: the fortress withstood the sieges of the enemy army for nearly half a century.