Based on the theory of geoscience information Tupu, this paper defines the spatial units of tourism resources from a multi-scale perspective, constructs a multi-scale tourism re-source ontology value evaluation Tupu, deeply explores the relationships between tourism re-sources of different scales, and conducts an empirical analysis using Hainan Island as a case study to evaluate the ontological value of multi-scale tourism resources. The results show that: 1) A conceptual model for the ontology value of tourism resources was proposed based on quantitative and spatial characteristics, and an information Tupu for the evaluation of ontology value was constructed, including aggregation, agglomeration, and combination area. This mod-el provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the intrinsic value of tourism re-sources across different spatial scales, offering insights into their distribution and potential for development. 2) The evaluation Tupu of tourism resource aggregation illustrates that high-qual-ity aggregation on Hainan Island are predominantly concentrated in the Haikou and Sanya re-gions, with a greater number found on the eastern coast compared to the western coast, and a higher concentration in the northern plain area than in the southern mountainous region. This spatial distribution highlights the diverse geographical features influencing tourism resource ag-gregation and suggests targeted strategies for resource management and development. 3) The evaluation Tupu of tourism resource agglomeration reveals that high-quality clusters on Hainan Island radiate outward from Sanya and Haikou as the southern and northern centers, respect-ively. The central region has a slightly lower density of clusters, primarily diffusing in the form of single core points. This pattern of agglomeration underscores the importance of central nodes in the spatial organization of tourism resources, which could inform infrastructure planning and investment decisions. 4) The evaluation Tupu of tourism resource combination area indicates that Hainan Island’s composite areas are divided into four levels. Level 1 clusters have a higher intrinsic value of urban tourism resources than Level 4 clusters, and their development poten-tial is consequently greater. This hierarchical classification of combination areas provides a strategic framework for prioritizing tourism development initiatives, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently to maximize economic and cultural benefits.

Accurately understanding the connotation and meaning of ecological interests in na-tional territory space, explore the mechanism of the allocation of ecological benefits in national space, is the foundation for resolving spatial conflicts and optimizing the pattern of national ter-ritory space development and protection. Research has shown that: 1) The naturally formed spa-tial environment and the profit-seeking human mechanism, the market mechanism that plays a decisive role in resource allocation, and the policy mechanism for correcting market failure jointly affect the mechanism of ecological interest allocation in territory space. 2) The function of ecological benefit allocation in national territory space is to implement the structure of na-tional land spatial planning, ensure the spatial redistribution of ecological benefits, and correct the profit seeking nature of market mechanisms. 3) The standardized spatial structure, rational allocation of public resources, and effective allocation of spatial rights are the predetermined benchmarks for ecological benefit allocation. At present, the spontaneous allocation of ecolo-gical interests in national territory space is characterized by prominent competition in spatial use, numerous misallocations of spatial resources, unequal spatial rights, and hidden concerns about the imbalance of secondary allocation boundaries. It is necessary to define the bottom line boundary of the ecological carrying capacity of the “three lines and one order” and the upper limit boundary of constraining government power for the allocation of ecological interests in national territory space, optimize the collaborative mechanism of ecological interests allocation in national territory space, reasonably allocate ecological interests at different spatial scales, and achieve the universal sharing of ecological interests.

This study performs multi-scenario wetland simulations for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in 2030, including four land use change scenarios: baseline, economic development, ecological protection, and balanced development. The simula-tions include 16 driving factors, with the Wetland Damage Index (WDI) as a key component. We propose the Future Wetland Damage Index (FWDI) and identify zones for wetland manage-ment and conservation. The results indicate that: 1) Incorporating WDI as a driving factor signi-ficantly enhances the accuracy of wetland simulations in the PLUS model, achieving a Figure of Merit (FoM) value of 0.28 and an overall accuracy of 0.89. 2) Between 2020 and 2030, the areas of rivers, reservoirs, and lakes undergo minimal changes, reflecting the protective impact of land conversion restriction policies on wetlands. In contrast, pond wetlands display the most significant area changes, featuring a more compact distribution under the balanced develop-ment scenario, which highlights the balance between economic and ecological benefits. 3) FWDI results from 2020 to 2030 reveal that wetland expansion and loss primarily occur at the peripheries of contiguous wetlands. The FWDI in wetland expansion areas is lower than in regions where wetlands are lost, underscoring the need for further investigation into areas pre-dicted to maintain stable wetlands in the future. 4) The FWDI functions as a targeted indicator for assessing the risk of future wetland loss. Using FWDI, three zones for wetland management and conservation are delineated. The wetland reconstruction zone, representing future wetland expansion areas, is concentrated in the western GBA regions rich in ponds and coastal areas. The wetland conservation zone, characterized by stable distribution and low FWDI, is wide-spread. The wetland control zone encompasses areas predicted to undergo wetland loss or re-main unchanged but with high FWDI values, predominantly located in the pond-dense regions of central GBA. These conclusions offer scientific insights for the targeted protection of wet-lands, aligning with the objectives of ecological conservation and socio-economic development.

Geo-economy is an important factor affecting the global political and economic landscape, and the industrial chain is an important foundation for the formation of geo-econom-ic relationships. China and India are respectively at the core of the East Asian and South Asian industrial chains. Against the backdrop of the continuous development of industrial chain spe-cialization, it is imperative to clarify the competition and cooperation dynamics between China and India in key industry sectors. This study uses the export similarity index, revealing compar-ative advantage index, trade complementarity index, and intra industry trade index to analyze the competition and cooperation between the main industrial chain links of China and India. The research results reveal three key insights: 1) The economic partnership between China and India is mainly concentrated in the chemical and equipment manufacturing industrial chains, exhibiting distinct collaborative dynamics. In the chemical industry, upstream cooperation is underdeveloped, while midstream cooperation is the closest. In terms of equipment manufactur-ing, India still heavily relies on China’s industrial chain contribution; 2) The chemical coopera-tion between China and India presents distinct industrial chain characteristics formed by com-plementary advantages. Although the upstream departments have shown strong complementar-ity, competition in the midstream departments is becoming increasingly fierce. The current co-operation model has not fully utilized the potential of both parties in the industrial chain. This highlights the inherent complementarity in bilateral cooperation and the coexistence of unreal-ized cooperation dividends; 3) The industrial chain of equipment manufacturing in China and India is mainly competitive, showing structural competition concentrated in upstream indus-tries. Both sides have a relatively small market share in each other’s export market, highlight-ing the misalignment of industrial policies and the lack of coordination in industrial chain posi-tioning in this competition. By analyzing the current situation of industrial chain cooperation in detail, this study provides actionable insights for deepening China India cooperation. These measures can transform the current paradigm of “asymmetric competition” into a mutually re-inforcing geo-economic partnership.

Taking the State-Level Xiangjiang New Area, a typical case of deepening reform in China, as the research area, using rental housing data from household surveys and POI network data, combined with the geographically weighted regression model (GWR), this article con-structs a rental intensity index for exploring the spatial distribution characteristics of rental housing in study area, the factors affecting spatial structure and it’s spatial heterogeneity are analyzed. It is found that: 1) The rental intensity generally decays from the core area to the peri-pheral area, and at the same time has obvious directionality to the landscape, transportation nodes, university cities and industrial parks; 2) There is obvious spatial heterogeneity in the factors affecting rental intensity. University facilities, landscape parks, housing quality, park distance, and rental factors have a low impact within the second ring, and the further away from the central city district the greater the intensity. The opposite is true for subway and high school facilities, where the intensity of impact is higher in the core area and decreases with distance; 3) The rental intensity and factor intensity show non-consistency in terms of location condi-tions, reflecting different trade-offs among heterogeneous groups of tenants in terms of location maturity, living quality and employment commuting. In the context of “sale and rental develop-ing simultaneously”, in order to promote the development of the rental market, it is recommen-ded to dynamically adjust the supply on demand, focusing on increasing the effective housing supply in high-density demand areas such as the core area, supporting the development of di-versified market entities and large-scale professional long-term rental institutions, refining the rental security policy, implement differentiated and graded subsidies for migrant workers, graduates, multi-child families and other groups, guiding tenants to flow to areas with suffi-cient supply, easing the pressure on the core area, accelerating digital governance, building an information platform covering housing verification, contract filing, and credit evaluation to im-prove supervision and service efficiency. The findings of this article can guide the construction of rental housing and the spatial layout of related public service facilities, and provide refer-ence for promoting the balanced development of sale and rent in new urban areas.

The study of functional division within urban agglomerations holds paramount sig-nificance in optimizing the urban system and promoting the coordinated development of large, medium, and small cities. While existing research predominantly examines the pattern of func-tional division from the perspective of urban functional disparities, there is a notable dearth of studies focusing on the relational aspect of inter-city functional linkages. By integrating func-tional monocentric-polycentric theory, supply chain relationships, and urban network analysis, this paper establishes a functional division model and delineates partitioning methods alongside corresponding thresholds, and conducts empirical analysis of data from the supply chain of Chinese listed companies across 19 urban agglomerations in China, offering a comprehensive understanding of functional division within urban agglomerations. The main findings are as fol-lows: 1) The functional division linkage patterns from the supply chain perspective can be di-vided into centrifugal monocentric pattern, centripetal monocentric pattern, and balanced poly-centric pattern. Furthermore, these division linkage patterns effectively discern the structure of urban agglomerations in China, with each linkage pattern linked to the hierarchical structure of functional linkages and the stage of development within urban agglomerations. 2) The centrifu-gal monocentric pattern is dominated by urban agglomerations with sparse functional linkages and the stage of optimization and upgrading, such as Lanzhou-Xining, Ningxia along the Yel-low River, and Huhhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin. The centripetal monocentric pattern is dominated by urban agglomerations with less-connected functional linkages and the stage of development and growth, such as the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, and the Central Plain. The bal-anced polycentric pattern is dominated by urban agglomerations with well-connected function-al linkages and the stage of optimization and upgrading, such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Shandong Peninsula, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. 3) Diverse urban agglomera-tions adhere to distinct evolutionary pathways in terms of functional division patterns, while most pattern evolution occur between centrifugal monocentric pattern and centripetal mono-centric pattern, evolutions between monocentric pattern and polycentric pattern are relatively rare, indicating that the current functional division relationship in China’s urban agglomera-tions is primarily characterized by a core-city-led monocentric pattern, with the formation of polycentric pattern facing a certain threshold. By scrutinizing the functional division linkage pattern of China’s urban agglomerations through the lens of supply chain dynamics, this paper contributes to expanding the scope of regional division studies beyond attribute data and lays a solid foundation for subsequent research grounded in related data analysis.

This paper aims to evaluate the level and temporal and spatial pattern of the collab-orative development of digital technology and cultural tourism integration in Chinese cities. The collaborative development of digital technology and cultural tourism integration is the ad-vanced stage of the evolution of the relationship between digital technology and cultural tour-ism integration. It is clear that the collaborative stage and current level of the integration of di-gital technology and cultural tourism in Chinese cities are the prerequisite for promoting the high-quality development of digital technology and cultural tourism integration. Based on the analysis of the connotation of the collaborative development of digital technology and culture and tourism integration, this paper constructs a multi-dimensional evaluation index system of digital technology and culture and tourism integration development at the city scale, and de-picts the process status and temporal spatial differentiation characteristics of the integrated de-velopment of digital technology and culture and tourism in 284 prefecture level cities in China from 2010 to 2020. The research shows that: 1) The overall level of collaborative development of digital technology and culture and tourism integration in China is in the middle and low range, showing a heterogeneous spatio-temporal pattern, with obvious gradient differentiation. The cities with good collaborative situation of digital technology and culture and tourism integ-ration are mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region, Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions and Shandong Peninsula, and the slow regions are mainly distributed in some cities in the northeast and western regions. 2) From high to low, there are four types of collaborative devel-opment: collaborative development, tending to synergy, synergy imbalance and synergy lag, and the transformation among the latter three types is more active. 3) The development trend of the collaborative integration of digital technology and culture and tourism is further presented from the dimensions of foundation, scale and structure. There are differences in the degree of collaborative development of digital technology and culture and tourism in each dimension. Fi-nally, through the problem identification of different types of collaborative development areas, this paper discusses the path of collaborative development of differentiated digital technology and the integration of culture and tourism, which provides a reference for the city to formulate the collaborative development strategy of the two systems.

Since the 2008 financial crisis, the process of financialization of Chinese cities and regions has accelerated, becoming a new driving force for local governments to influence the development of industrial diversification. Based on the panel data of 243 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2011 to 2019 and by employing the fixed effect model, this paper focuses on the two key government financing modes of urban investment bonds and PPP projects, and discusses the impact of local governments on industrial diversification and how this differs by region. The conclusions include: First, local government financing in the eastern region has significantly promoted the development of industrial diversification and unrelated variety, whereas the central region has a certain inhibitory effect on related variety, and the western region has no significant impact. Second, local government financing mainly promotes unrelated variety of the industry. PPP is the main mode of local government financing to promote unrelated variety in the eastern and central regions, while urban investment bonds have a greater impact on unrelated variety in the western region. Thirdly, the scale, modes and expenditure structure of local government financing differs by region, which have contributed to different effects of local government financing on industrial diversification in different regions. When local governments use financial instruments to promote industrial development, local comparative advantages and industrial bases should be taken into account considerably. On the basis of strengthening industrial unrelated variety, related variety needs to be developed according to local conditions so as to take advantages of the externality of industrial diversification.

Based on relevant academic research, this article takes China’s G219 Border Road as a case study, inspired by the perspective of a linear tourism destination system, and constructs a research framework for a tourism corridor experience system consisting of landscape resources, catering and cuisine, hotel accommodation, and self-driving services. Based on this research framework, the paper uses a combination of spatial resource visualization analysis and network spatial structure analysis to conduct in-depth analysis of the distribution characteristics and tourism flow process of the tourism corridor resources of the G219 Border Road. At the same time, the paper analyzed the regional differences of the G219 tourism corridor along the border road in different provincial areas, as well as the impact of self-driving tour along the border road. The research results found that firstly, the G219 Border Road is a typical linear tourism destination, which has the characteristics of mobility, spatial viscosity, flow aggregation, and path radiation. Secondly, the network nodes and tourism flow along the route are the core elements that characterize the tourism corridor and its impact. Therefore, there are significant differences in tourism resources, geographical space, and self driving service systems among the four provinces and regions along the G219 Border Road for self-driving tour. Thirdly, the image of tourism corridors is the driving force that attracts the flow, process, and velocity of self-driving tourists during their travels. Therefore, the paper proposes that the construction of G219 Border Road needs to pay more attention to spatial heterogeneity and regional differentiation development methods.

To explore the variations of aeration zone soil specific yield under the condition of deep buried groundwater, The southern edge of Gurbantunggut Desert was taken as the research area by field in-situ observation.The complete specific yield under the condition of zero surface flux, the average releasing specific yield under the condition of evapotranspiration and the average charging specific yield under the condition of lateral leakage recharge were determined, and the effects of groundwater depth, infiltration and evapotranspiration on specific yield were discussed. Results showed that: 1) It is feasible to determine the soil specific yield under the condition of deep buried groundwater by the zone of aeration section water content method. 2) Under the condition of zero surface flux, the complete specific yield μ increases with the increase of groundwater depth H. When the groundwater depth exceeds the maximum rising height of capillary water, the change of complete specific yield is small and can be approximately regarded as a constant. 3) The average groundwater depth of interdune land in the southern edge of Gurbantunggut Desert is 8.80 m. The complete specific yield under the condition of zero surface flux is 0.36, the average releasing specific yield under the condition of deep buried groundwater evaporation is 0.13, and the average charging specific yield under the condition of lateral leakage recharge is 0.17. The results of this study can provide a new idea for the determination of soil specific yield under the condition of deep buried groundwater.

Return migration has become a notable socio-economic trend in the new stage of China's urbanization, and the analysis of its driving mechanism has received extensive academic attention. As a micro behavior, the return of migrants is not only affected by personal and family factors, but also closely related to external environment. However, existing studies have focused on the role of individual factors, but not enough research has been conducted on the relationship between regional contexts and return migration. We introduce a gradient boosting decision tree model in the field of machine learning, based on the data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, with the return intention as the response variable and the regional contexts—Both in the place of origin and destination—As well as migrants' personal and household factors as the explanatory variables, focusing on the non-linear influence of the regional contexts on the return migration intentions and the threshold effect. The results show that: 1) The total contribution of the local contexts of the place of place of the origin and destination to the intentions of the migrants to return is 44.1%, which is an important factor influencing the return intentions, and the contributions of the two places is roughly equal. Among these, medical and health resources and air pollution are extremely important in both places. In addition, economic growth in the place of origin is also important for the return intention of migrants, while the climatic condition in the place of destination is more important; 2) There are both non-linear and linear relationships between local contextual factors and migrants' intention to return. Among them, medical and health resources, basic education resources, air pollution have obvious non-linear effects on the return intention, while economic growth and temperature conditions have mainly linear effects; 3) The influence of individual factors on return intention is mainly nonlinear effect. There is an irregular U-shaped relationship between age, migration duration and return intention, and the non-linear influence of household income is more complex. There is an obvious threshold effect between household housing expenditure and return intention, and a negative correlation between migrant's education level and return intention. This study incorporates the local contexts of the place of origin and destination into the analytical framework for the mechanism of return migration, identifies the relative importance of the local context and individual characteristics of the two places on the return intention of the migrants, and reveals the specificity and complexity of internal return migration in China, which contributes to deepening the research on migration in the new era and provides scientific reference for policy makers.