Abstract: Water is indispensable material base on which society depends to develop. Mankind has exerted huge pressure on the resource and environment of the earth by themselves explosive population increasing in about one hundred years. On the one hand, mankind itself is consuming huge water resources, on the other hand, mankind has being gived out enormous contaminants into environment, which have resulted into the obvious water environment worsen such as the gradually decreasing fresh water resource, the aggravating contradictory between providing and need of fresh water resource. Furthermore, the climate changes of earth have brought about new problems how to use fresh water resource. China is one of the countries that have poor fresh water resource; moreover, China has huge population, which have led to considerably serious problems of water environment and development of water resource. So we have to search the sustainable way of water resource development and control and manage strictly the development of water resource according to our national conditions, which will provide the necessary guarantee of water resource for sustainable development of our nation.