Abstract: Establishing nature reserve is one of the most efficient approaches to conserve biodiversity and restore ecological service function,and the problems common concerned by research scholars,decision makers and communities are the influence of nature reserve on social economy and ecological protection, as well as how to coordinate the relationship between them. Establishing an effective ecological compensation mechanism is very crucial to resources environment protection and the development of the community’s social economy in a nature reserve. In this paper, the methods of documents investigation, questionnaire, interview, stake-holder analysis, opportunity cost and contingent valuation were used to analyze and discuss the influence of Wuyishan National Nature Reserve of Fujian on communities from some aspects, such as compensated institutes and objects, compensation standards, modes and ways. The results showed that 1) most community residents agreed to establish this reserve, which were influenced by the educational background, age and gender of the respondents; 2) establishing reserve limited the development of the community’s social economy, which lessened most community residents’ income, however, they did not obtain corresponding compensation; 3) community residents were faced with some problems such as capital scarcity, imperfect indemnifying measure and short of technology to get rich; 4) compensated institutes and objects in the reserve were ensured based on the stake-holder analysis and contingent valuation; 5) the compensation standards were enacted according to the loss result from the limitation of the right to development (including the opportunity cost of returning farmland to forestry, the loss resulted from wild animals), and the community residents’ willingness to accept as well as the beneficiary’s willingness to pray; and 6) compensation modes and ways were definite too.