基于GIS-Markov区域生态安全时空演变研究——以大连市甘井子区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.08.957

Abstract

Abstract:

In this article, Ganjingzi District of Dalian City in Liaoning Province was taken as an example. According to the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) model, regional eco-security evaluation model for Ganjingzi District was established. Based on the three period’s data of TM remote sensing images in 1990, 2000 and 2009 and the multi-source data quantified by GIS Grid, the database of the regional eco-security evaluation was constructed. Eco-security status of Ganjingzi District was assessed by comprehensive evaluation method. Meanwhile, according to the evaluation results, GIS-Markov model of the eco-security was built, and the rules of eco-security spatial-temporal evolution were studied by calculating transition matrix of regional ecological security state. The results showed as follows: 1) The eco-security index in Ganjingzi District had gradually improved from 1990 to 2009. The eco-security index of north and the central regions in Ganjingzi District changed largely from 1990 to 2000, and small change of ecological security occurred on the south and west regions. Except for the regions of Quanshui Street and Nanguanling Street, the eco-security conditions in Ganjingzi District had a significant improvement from 2000 to 2009; 2) Regional background played an important role in convergence process of the eco-security evolution. The possibility of the eco-security evolution in Ganjingzi District had been affected by its adjacent region. The adjacent region of higher level played a positive role in grade transition of eco-security, and the lower levels had a negative impact. The eco-security status in Ganjingzi District was affected by the adjacent region of higher level, and the areas of improvement increased from 1990 to 2000. During these yeas, the northern rural area in the region of Yingchengzi Street and western region of Gezhenpu Street were affected by lower level neighborhood, and its security status became worse. Except for the region of Quanshui Street and the junction of Yingchengzi Street and Hongqi Street, the eco-security had suffered deterioration by the impact of unsafe adjacent regions. From 2000 to 2009, the eco-security in Ganjingzi District was beginning to change and was less affected by the adjacent regions. GIS-Markov model provided the research ideas and methods in establishing the spatial-temporal evolution of regional eco-security. Moreover, the results could provide a scientific basis for regional development, ecological risk assessment and early warning in Ganjingzi District in the future.

Key words: eco-security, GIS-Markov, spatial-temporal evolution, Ganjingzi District in Dalian

CLC Number:

X826

GENG WANG, Li-yan WANG, Jia-li GONG, Bai-ling SU, Qiu-bo LIU. Spatial-temporal Evolution of Regional Eco-security Based on GIS-Markov Model—A Case Study of Ganjingzi District in Dalian, Liaoning Province[J].SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(8): 957-964.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Table 4

Table 5

Spatial Markov matrix of eco-security types in Ganjingzi District (the spatial lag condition)"

	1990~2000年								2000~2009年
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	1	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	2	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	3	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
2	1	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	2	0.00	0.12	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	3	0.00	0.25	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
3	1	0.00	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	2	0.00	0.12	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	3	0.00	0.24	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
4	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00
	3	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00
	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00
	5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
…	……
7	6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
7	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Table 5

Fig.3

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指标		数据来源	权重
指标		数据来源	AHP法	变异系数法	综合权重
压力	人口密度	统计年鉴	0.0196	0.0121	0.0158
	人均耕地面积	土地变更调查	0.0387	0.0700	0.0543
	单位废水排放量	统计年鉴	0.0508	0.0455	0.0481
	单位废气排放量	统计年鉴	0.0270	0.0396	0.0333
	单位固废排放量	统计年鉴	0.0134	0.0035	0.0084
	水资源承载力	专题成果	0.1380	0.0163	0.0771
	土地资源承载力	专题成果	0.0483	0.0133	0.0308
	地均化肥施用量	调查统计	0.0117	0.0675	0.0396
状态	地表起伏度	DEM数据	0.0215	0.0600	0.0408
	植被覆盖率	遥感数据	0.0275	0.0431	0.0353
	景观多样性指数	遥感数据	0.0230	0.4287	0.2258
	景观破碎度	遥感数据	0.0071	0.0206	0.0138
	土地利用类型	土地变更调查^①	0.0177	0.0605	0.0391
	人类干扰指数	遥感数据	0.0093	0.0045	0.0069
响应	自然保护区比例	专题成果	0.0243	0.0387	0.0315
	人均GDP	统计年鉴	0.0591	0.0963	0.0777
	环保投资	统计年鉴	0.0988	0.0523	0.0755
	教育投资	统计年鉴	0.0680	0.0900	0.0790
	废水达标率	统计年鉴	0.1586	0.0632	0.1109
	垃圾无害处理率	统计年鉴	0.1366	0.0592	0.0979

街道	1990年	2000年	2009年	街道	1990年	2000年	2009年
红旗街道	0.2633	0.4032	0.5882	机场街道	0.2182	0.423	0.633
大连湾街道	0.1961	0.3982	0.58	南关岭街道	0.2225	0.4351	0.5942
甘井子街道	0.1984	0.4104	0.5987	营城子街道	0.2328	0.3846	0.5866
泉水街道	0.2492	0.4426	0.5935	泡崖街道	0.2334	0.4207	0.6014
椒金山街道	0.1532	0.3731	0.6261	革镇堡街道	0.2324	0.427	0.611
周水子街道	0.2015	0.4203	0.6028	中华路街道	0.2094	0.3954	0.6356
辛寨子街道	0.2401	0.409	0.6152	农业科学研究院	0.2502	0.4063	0.6477
兴华街道	0.211	0.4259	0.6356	华侨农场	0.2697	0.3924	0.5876

Spatial-temporal Evolution of Regional Eco-security Based on GIS-Markov Model—A Case Study of Ganjingzi District in Dalian, Liaoning Province

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1990~2000年								2000~2009年
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	0.00	0.07	0.90	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
2	0.00	0.17	0.79	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.35	0.49	0.15	0.00
3	0.00	0.35	0.51	0.14	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.10	0.79	0.10	0.00
4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.08	0.77	0.14	0.00
5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

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