多重距离对中国入境与出境旅游流的影响:基于组态的视角

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Tourist flows is one of the current issues in the field of tourism geography that should be urgently addressed. There is a sharp contrast between the rapid growth of China’s outbound tourism flow and the steady growth of inbound tourism flow. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to understand the mutural tourist flows from and to China. Based on the multiple distances perspectives, this research draws upon the international trade field distance theory framework which includes economical distance, geographical distance, cultural distance and institution distance (CAGE), and the research method is Qualititive Comparative Analysis (QCA) method, which is very useful in exploring the path and mechanism of China’s high and low inbound and outbound tourism flows. In so doing, the structural characteristics, differences, evolution rules and influencing mechanisms of China’s inbound and outbound tourism at different levels can be analysed. The research results are as follows: 1) the influence of distance, as an influential factor is relatively certain. 2) Particularly, it influences China outbound tourism in a similar way that it affects the inbound tourism development. 3) When comparing China’s high international tourism flow and China’s low international tourism flow, distance has different effects on them. Among them, economic distance is the core condition of high international tourism flow. Geographical distance, cultural distance and institutional distance are the core conditions of low international tourism flow.

Key words: China’s inbound and outbound tourism flows, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), economical distance, geographical distance, cultural distanc, institution distance, framework with economical distance, geographical distance, cultural distance and institution distance (CAGE)

CLC Number:

F590

Zhang Ziang, Bao Jigang. Effects of Multiple Distances on Inbound and Outbound Tourism Flows in China: A Configuration-based Perspective[J].SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(1): 13-21.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

References 39

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高入境旅游		RC	UC	C	高出境旅游		RC	UC	C
注:M1~M2分别代表作用路径1~2；CD代表文化距离、ED代表经济距离、GD代表地理距离、ID代表制度距离；RC代表原始覆盖度；UC代表唯一覆盖度；C代表一致性。“*”代表逻辑“和”；“~”代表逻辑“非”；“核心条件”字体加粗。
M1:	*~CDED**	0.63	0.23	0.86	M1:	*EDID**	0.62	0.24	0.86
M2:	*EDID**	0.62	0.22	0.83	M2:	~GD~CDED	0.54	0.16	0.85
总体解一致性:0.85 总体解覆盖度:0.82					总体解一致性:0.78 总体解覆盖度:0.82
M1路径:印度、韩国、巴西、德国、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、土耳其、意大利、日本、沙特阿拉伯、泰国、西班牙、新加坡、马来西亚、瑞士 M2路径:德国、英国、加拿大、日本、美国、法国、澳大利亚、荷兰、瑞士、西班牙、波兰、瑞典、挪威、比利时、奥地利、丹麦、新加坡、韩国					M1路径:德国、英国、加拿大、日本、美国、法国、澳大利亚、荷兰、瑞士、西班牙、波兰、瑞典、挪威、比利时、奥地利、丹麦、新加坡、韩国 M2路径:印度、韩国、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、土耳其、日本、沙特阿拉伯、泰国、德国、新加坡、马来西亚

高入境旅游		RC	UC	C	高出境旅游		RC	UC	C
注:M1~M3分别代表作用路径1~3；CD代表文化距离、ED代表经济距离、GD代表地理距离、ID代表制度距离；RC代表原始覆盖度；UC代表唯一覆盖度；C代表一致性。“*”代表逻辑“和”；“~”代表逻辑“非”；“核心条件”字体加粗。
M1:	~CD*ED	0.62	0.12	0.90	M1:	*EDID**	0.62	0.21	0.82
M2:	GD*ED	0.62	0.03	0.83	M2:	~GD~CDED	0.57	0.16	0.90
M3:	ED*ID	0.63	0.02	0.85
总体解一致性:0.85 总体解覆盖度:0.81					总体解一致性:0.78 总体解覆盖度:0.81
M1路径:印度、韩国、巴西、德国、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、土耳其、意大利、日本、沙特阿拉伯、泰国、西班牙、新加坡、马来西亚、瑞士 M2路径:美国、巴西、墨西哥、加拿大、西班牙、澳大利亚、法国、瑞士、意大利、英国、比利时、阿根廷、哥伦比亚、南非、荷兰 M3路径:德国、英国、加拿大、日本、美国、法国、澳大利亚、荷兰、瑞士、西班牙、波兰、瑞典、挪威、比利时、奥地利、丹麦、新加坡、韩国					M1路径:德国、英国、加拿大、日本、美国、法国、澳大利亚、荷兰、瑞士、西班牙、波兰、瑞典、挪威、比利时、奥地利、丹麦、新加坡、韩国 M2路径:印度、韩国、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、土耳其、日本、沙特阿拉伯、泰国、德国、新加坡、马来西亚

非高入境旅游		RC	UC	C	非高出境旅游		RC	UC	C
注:M1~M4分别代表作用路径1~4；CD代表文化距离、ED代表经济距离、GD代表地理距离、ID代表制度距离；RC代表原始覆盖度；UC代表唯一覆盖度；C代表一致性。“*”代表逻辑“和”；“~”代表逻辑“非”；“核心条件”字体加粗。
M1:	CD* ~ED	0.57	0.07	0.97	M1:	*GD~ID**	0.54	0.17	0.94
M2:	~GD * ~ED *ID	0.38	0.02	0.96	M2:	*CD~ED**	0.55	0.17	0.93
M3:	GD* ~ID	0.53	0.10	0.93
M4:	GD~CDED	0.11	0.01	0.92
总体解一致性:0.76 总体解覆盖度:0.92					总体解一致性:0.72 总体解覆盖度:0.91
M1路径:冰岛、乌拉圭、马耳他、莫桑比克、拉脱维亚、匈牙利、秘鲁、斯洛文尼亚、智利、希腊、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、埃及、芬兰 M2路径:爱沙尼亚、立陶宛、拉脱维亚、斯洛文尼亚、捷克、芬兰 M3路径:秘鲁、哥伦比亚、阿根廷、巴西、多米尼亚共和国、墨西哥、南非、莫桑比克、尼日利亚、摩洛哥、坦桑尼亚、克罗地亚、希腊 M4路径:巴西、秘鲁					M1路径:秘鲁、哥伦比亚、阿根廷、巴西、多米尼亚共和国、墨西哥、南非、莫桑比克、尼日利亚、摩洛哥、坦桑尼亚、克罗地亚、希腊 M2路径:冰岛、乌拉圭、马耳他、莫桑比克、拉脱维亚、匈牙利、秘鲁、斯洛文尼亚、智利、希腊、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、埃及、芬兰

非高入境旅游		RC	UC	C	非高出境旅游		RC	UC	C
注:M1~M4分别代表作用路径1~4；CD代表文化距离、ED代表经济距离、GD代表地理距离、ID代表制度距离；RC代表原始覆盖度；UC代表唯一覆盖度；C代表一致性。“*”代表逻辑“和”；“~”代表逻辑“非”；“核心条件”字体加粗。
M1:	CD*~ED	0.59	0.07	0.96	M1:	GD*~ID	0.54	0.14	0.98
M2:	GD~ED~ID	0.47	0.06	0.99	M2:	CD*~ED	0.55	0.05	0.92
M3:	~GD~EDID	0.41	0.03	0.96	M3:	~GD~EDID	0.39	0.02	0.93
M4:	GDCD~ID	0.43	0.05	0.96
总体解一致性:0.75 总体解覆盖度:0.94					总体解一致性:0.74 总体解覆盖度:0.92
M1路径:秘鲁、哥伦比亚、阿根廷、巴西、多米尼亚共和国、墨西哥、南非、莫桑比克、尼日利亚、摩洛哥、坦桑尼亚、克罗地亚、希腊 M2路径:多米尼亚共和国、莫桑比克、秘鲁、摩洛哥、坦桑尼亚、克罗地亚、希腊 M3路径:爱沙尼亚、立陶宛、拉脱维亚、斯洛文尼亚、捷克、芬兰 M4路径:哥伦毕业、阿根廷、墨西哥、莫桑比克、秘鲁、希腊、南非					M1路径:秘鲁、哥伦比亚、阿根廷、巴西、多米尼亚共和国、墨西哥、南非、莫桑比克、尼日利亚、摩洛哥、坦桑尼亚、克罗地亚、希腊 M2路径:冰岛、乌拉圭、马耳他、莫桑比克、拉脱维亚、匈牙利、秘鲁、斯洛文尼亚、智利、希腊、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、埃及、芬兰 M3路径:芬兰、爱沙尼亚、立陶宛、拉脱维亚、斯洛文尼亚、捷克

Effects of Multiple Distances on Inbound and Outbound Tourism Flows in China: A Configuration-based Perspective

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