中国出口导向型外资企业时空演化与出口增衰机制

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.04.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Since the 1990s, China has shifted to an export-led economic growth model, with imports and exports playing an important role in economic growth. The research object of this article focuses on export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises, which are foreign-invested enterprises mainly engaged in export trade. This article describes the evolution of the geographical pattern of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises in China by using the export data of China Customs Trade Database from 2000 to 2013. In general, since joining the WTO, China’s export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises have shown a growing trend, and the change trend of their export trade volume is also basically consistent with the change trend of China’s overall export trade. The export products are mainly capital-intensive and technology-intensive products, while these two types of products are the most affected by the financial crisis, which to a certain extent reflects the process of China’s deepening openness. The distribution of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises in China exhibits an uneven distribution, mainly concentrated in large cities. Spatially, Chinese export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises are concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula and Liaoning Province. There exists a gradual diffusion from coastal areas to central and western regions and from core cities to surrounding cities. From the perspective of export markets, Chinese export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises are exporting to more diversified destinations, and the export value has increased massively. In this article, an export city-destination country panel model is developed to explore the growth and decline factors of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises. The results show that export growth and export recession of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises are the result of the interaction of various factors, which embodies the theory of evolutionary economic geography, agglomeration externality and the eclectic theory of international production. And three hypotheses are verified. Firstly, there is a significant contribution of spillover effects from path dependence to export growth and a certain degree of hindrance to export recession. Secondly, local conditions play an important role in the location selection of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises. Thirdly, policies have an impact on the development of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises, and government decision-making plays a complementary role in the development of market economy.

Key words: foreign-invested enterprises, export-oriented, export-destination country linkage, location selection, growth and recession mechanism

CLC Number:

F752.6

Xia Xinming, He Canfei. Spatio-temporal Evolution and Export Growth and Decline Mechanism of Export-oriented Foreign-invested Enterprises in China[J].SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(4): 588-597.

Figures/Tables 10

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Fig. 5

Table 1

Table 2

References 37

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变量	模型（1）全部	模型（2）东部	模型（3）中部	模型（4）西部	模型（5）东北	模型（6） 2001—2007年	模型（7） 2008—2012年
注：1.东部地区包括北京市、天津市、河北省、上海市、江苏省、浙江省、福建省、山东省、广东省、海南省，中部地区包括山西省、安徽省、河南省、江西省、湖南省、湖北省，西部地区包括重庆市、云南省、新疆维吾尔自治区、广西壮族自治区、甘肃省、内蒙古自治区、陕西省、贵州省、青海省、西藏自治区、四川省、宁夏回族自治区，东北地区包括辽宁省、黑龙江省、吉林省。下表同。2.* P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.1。3.未含港澳台数据。4.“-”为虚拟变量Coas*取值为0。
DEN	0.912***	0.670***	0.562***	1.176***	0.602**	1.034***	1.364***
FDI	1.64e-06***	1.67e-06***	3.19e-06***	2.78e-06***	1.13e-06***	2.71e-06***	1.27e-06***
lnWAGE	1.50e-05***	1.80e-05***	4.89e-06***	1.17e-05***	2.32e-05***	3.51e-05***	1.43e-05***
AGG	3.02e-06***	1.97e-06***	9.90e-06***	4.47e-06***	-4.68e-06***	2.50e-06***	2.91e-06***
lnPOP	3.39e-05	-5.98e-06	0.000258***	-0.000225	0.000688***	-6.59e-05	0.000228***
lnGOV	6.209***	7.820***	8.360***	-2.790**	8.610***	2.766***	3.375***
lnPOL	0.0208***	0.00398	0.0291***	0.0328***	0.0379***	0.0140***	0.0172***
lnDist	-0.000497	-0.000420	-0.000457	-0.000248	0.000129	-0.000420	-0.000473
Coas	0.371***	0.296***	－	-0.0697	0.656***	0.367***	0.271***
时间效应	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
地区效应	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	11.01***	11.26***	10.53***	11.32***	10.47***	10.84***	11.06***
样本数	114877	68252	24384	12725	9516	69400	45477
R-squared	0.105	0.081	0.057	0.066	0.088	0.109	0.098

变量	模型（1）全部	模型（2）东部	模型（3）中部	模型（4）西部	模型（5）东北	模型（6） 2001—2007年	模型（7） 2008—2012年
注：1.东部地区包括北京市、天津市、河北省、上海市、江苏省、浙江省、福建省、山东省、广东省、海南省，中部地区包括山西省、安徽省、河南省、江西省、湖南省、湖北省，西部地区包括重庆市、云南省、新疆维吾尔自治区、广西壮族自治区、甘肃省、内蒙古自治区、陕西省、贵州省、青海省、西藏自治区、四川省、宁夏回族自治区，东北地区包括辽宁省、黑龙江省、吉林省。下表同。2.* P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.1。3.未含港澳台数据。4.“-”为虚拟变量Coas*取值为0。
DEN	0.912***	0.670***	0.562***	1.176***	0.602**	1.034***	1.364***
FDI	1.64e-06***	1.67e-06***	3.19e-06***	2.78e-06***	1.13e-06***	2.71e-06***	1.27e-06***
lnWAGE	1.50e-05***	1.80e-05***	4.89e-06***	1.17e-05***	2.32e-05***	3.51e-05***	1.43e-05***
AGG	3.02e-06***	1.97e-06***	9.90e-06***	4.47e-06***	-4.68e-06***	2.50e-06***	2.91e-06***
lnPOP	3.39e-05	-5.98e-06	0.000258***	-0.000225	0.000688***	-6.59e-05	0.000228***
lnGOV	6.209***	7.820***	8.360***	-2.790**	8.610***	2.766***	3.375***
lnPOL	0.0208***	0.00398	0.0291***	0.0328***	0.0379***	0.0140***	0.0172***
lnDist	-0.000497	-0.000420	-0.000457	-0.000248	0.000129	-0.000420	-0.000473
Coas	0.371***	0.296***	－	-0.0697	0.656***	0.367***	0.271***
时间效应	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
地区效应	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	11.01***	11.26***	10.53***	11.32***	10.47***	10.84***	11.06***
样本数	114877	68252	24384	12725	9516	69400	45477
R-squared	0.105	0.081	0.057	0.066	0.088	0.109	0.098

变量	模型（1）全部	模型（2）东部	模型（3）中部	模型（4）西部	模型（5）东北	模型（6） 2001—2007年	模型（7） 2008—2012年
注：1.* P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.1；2.未含港澳台数据；3.“-”为虚拟变量Coas* 取值为0。
DEN	0.906***	1.122***	-0.0620	0.665***	0.547*	0.275***	3.514***
FDI	8.66e-07***	4.39e-07***	2.15e-06***	-2.45e-08	1.02e-06***	1.28e-06***	5.97e-07***
lnWAGE	2.27e-05***	4.10e-05***	4.92e-06***	1.42e-05***	3.11e-05***	3.74e-05***	-5.22e-07
AGG	2.36e-06***	1.27e-06***	8.47e-06***	3.03e-06***	-2.00e-06	2.07e-06***	6.57e-07***
lnPOP	-8.57e-05**	4.39e-05	0.000220**	-0.000377***	0.000336*	2.05e-05	8.75e-05*
lnGOV	2.860***	1.440*	7.234***	-2.617**	9.692***	-0.521	7.428***
lnPOL	0.0183***	0.0107***	0.00821	0.0374***	0.0155	0.00265*	-0.00134
lnDist	0.0183***	0.0107***	0.00821	0.0374***	0.0155	0.00265	-0.00134
Coas	0.199***	0.220***	-	-0.0381	0.464***	0.158***	0.201***
时间效应	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
地区效应	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	10.48***	10.08***	10.40***	11.16***	9.813***	10.36***	10.73***
样本数	71834	39503	16332	8991	7008	35537	36297
R-squared	0.071	0.075	0.031	0.014	0.069	0.039	0.077

变量	模型（1）全部	模型（2）东部	模型（3）中部	模型（4）西部	模型（5）东北	模型（6） 2001—2007年	模型（7） 2008—2012年
注：1.* P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.1；2.未含港澳台数据；3.“-”为虚拟变量Coas* 取值为0。
DEN	0.906***	1.122***	-0.0620	0.665***	0.547*	0.275***	3.514***
FDI	8.66e-07***	4.39e-07***	2.15e-06***	-2.45e-08	1.02e-06***	1.28e-06***	5.97e-07***
lnWAGE	2.27e-05***	4.10e-05***	4.92e-06***	1.42e-05***	3.11e-05***	3.74e-05***	-5.22e-07
AGG	2.36e-06***	1.27e-06***	8.47e-06***	3.03e-06***	-2.00e-06	2.07e-06***	6.57e-07***
lnPOP	-8.57e-05**	4.39e-05	0.000220**	-0.000377***	0.000336*	2.05e-05	8.75e-05*
lnGOV	2.860***	1.440*	7.234***	-2.617**	9.692***	-0.521	7.428***
lnPOL	0.0183***	0.0107***	0.00821	0.0374***	0.0155	0.00265*	-0.00134
lnDist	0.0183***	0.0107***	0.00821	0.0374***	0.0155	0.00265	-0.00134
Coas	0.199***	0.220***	-	-0.0381	0.464***	0.158***	0.201***
时间效应	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
地区效应	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	10.48***	10.08***	10.40***	11.16***	9.813***	10.36***	10.73***
样本数	71834	39503	16332	8991	7008	35537	36297
R-squared	0.071	0.075	0.031	0.014	0.069	0.039	0.077

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Export Growth and Decline Mechanism of Export-oriented Foreign-invested Enterprises in China

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