1961—2019年中国北方沙漠沙地极端气候变化特征及其影响因素

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2023.08.018

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the meteorological observation datasets including daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and precipitation, etc. at 61 stations in the hinterland of deserts and sandy fields and surrounding area in northern China, temporal and spatial variations of climate extremes were analyzed from 1961—2019 by 24 different extreme climate indices, and their influential factors were discussed. The results show that: 1) During 1961—2019, obvious warming trend has been found in these deserts and sandy fields. Extreme temperature indices have significant changing trend with small spatial difference. The frost days, cold nights and other extreme cold events have decreased significantly, while the number of summer days, warm days and other extreme warm events have increased significantly. 2) Extreme precipitation indices have large interannual fluctuations, and they mostly increased in western deserts and decreased in eastern sandy fields. The annual precipitation in western deserts has a significant increasing trend at the rate of 5.11 d/10a, and other extreme precipitation indices such as daily maximum precipitation, moderate rain days and heavy precipitation also have also increased significantly. The annual precipitation and other extreme precipitation indices in eastern sandy fields show an obvious decreasing trend, indicating the drying trend in this region. 3) The changes in extreme temperature indices in the deserts and sandy fields of northern China show consistency with other parts of China, while the rates exceed that of most part of global land such as North America, South Africa, Australia, etc. 4) The changes in extreme low temperature and extreme cold events in eastern sandy fields are significantly correlated with the Arctic Oscillation. The weakening of East Asian summer monsoon during recent decades is the main cause for the decrease in extreme precipitation in eastern sandy fields, while the increase in extreme precipitation in western deserts may be affected by multiple factors including the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

Key words: deserts and sandy fields, climate extremes, regional differences, climate change

CLC Number:

P461

Hou Chengzhi, Huang Danqing, Gui Dongwei, Lei Jiaqiang, Lu Huayu, Xu Zhiwei. Spatiotemporal variations of climate extremes and influential factors in deserts and sandy fields of northern China from 1961 to 2019[J].SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2023, 43(8): 1495-1505.

Figures/Tables 8

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Table 1

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Table 2

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类型		指数	名称	单位	定义
极端气温指数	极值指数	TXx	极端最高气温	℃	日最高气温的年最大值
		TXn	最高气温极小值	℃	日最高气温的年最小值
		TNx	最低气温极大值	℃	日最低气温的年最大值
		TNn	极端最低气温	℃	日最低气温的年最小值
	冷事件指数	FD	霜冻日数	d	日最低气温<0℃的日数
		ID	结冰日数	d	日最高气温<0℃的日数
		TX10p	冷昼日数	d	日最高气温<10%分位值的日数
		TN10p	冷夜日数	d	日最低气温<10%分位值的日数
	暖事件指数	SU	夏天日数	d	日最高气温>25℃的日数
		TR	热夜日数	d	日最低气温>20℃的日数
		TX90p	暖昼日数	d	日最高气温>90%分位值的日数
		TN90p	暖夜日数	d	日最低气温>90%分位值的日数
	持续指数	CSDI	持续冷日指数	d	至少连续6 d日最高气温<10%分位数的日数
	持续指数	WSDI	持续暖日指数	d	至少连续6 d日最高气温>90%分位数的日数
极端降水指数	降水量级指数	PRCPT	年降水量	mm	> 1 mm降水日累积量
		SDII	降水强度	mm/d	年降水量与湿日日数（日降水量≥1 mm）的比值
		Rx1d	1日最大降水量	mm	最大1日降水量
		Rx5d	5日最大降水量	mm	最大连续5日降水量
		R95p	强降水量	mm	日降水量>95%分位值的总降水量
		R99p	极强降水量	mm	日降水量>99%分位值的总降水量
	降水日指数	R10	中雨日数	d	日降水量>10 mm的日数
	降水日指数	R25	大雨日数	d	日降水量>25 mm的日数
	持续指数	CDD	持续干旱指数	d	日降水量<1 mm的最长连续日数
	持续指数	CWD	持续湿润指数	d	日降水量≥1 mm的最长连续日数

区域	时段	TXx	TXn	TNx	TNn	FD	ID	SU	TR	数据来源
注：^和^*分别代表变化趋势通过了95%、99%的显著性水平检验；指数解释见表1。
中国北方沙漠沙地	1961—2019年	0.17^**	0.30^*	0.31^**	0.49^**	-3.57^**	-1.96^**	2.98^**	2.18^**	本文
黄土高原	1960—2013年	0.20	0.30	0.30^**	0.40^*	-3.83^**	-3.43^**	4.17^**	1.40^**	[20]
长江流域	1962—2011年	0.16^*	0.33^**	0.19^**	0.47^**	-3.29^**	-0.48^**	2.93^**	1.80^**	[21]
甘肃	1960—2016年	0.30^**	0.30	0.10^**	0.10	-2.94^**	-2.16^**	2.73^**	0.90^**	[22]
中国全域	1961—2010年	0.17^*	0.32^*	0.28^*	0.58^*	-3.90^*	-2.10^*	1.90^*	1.20^*	[23]
全球陆地	1951—2015年	0.11^*	0.28^*	0.12^*	0.45^*	-1.80^*	-1.23^*	0.47^*	0.91^*	[19]

Spatiotemporal variations of climate extremes and influential factors in deserts and sandy fields of northern China from 1961 to 2019

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