
Accessibility and its spatial equity of basic education in China
Hu Haoyu, Wang Liangjiao, Chen Yulong, Zhao Pengjun
GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9) : 1513-1523.
Accessibility and its spatial equity of basic education in China
Education equity is an important basis of social equity. The spatial inequity of basic education resources is a key issue that needs to be solved urgently in China. However, there are still some deficiencies in the existing research. Firstly, the existing research scale of educational accessibility is concentrated at the municipal, county or community level; Secondly, the existing national or regional accessibility research focuses on the evolution of city accessibility in the region in the context of the development of high-speed rail, expressway and other transportation networks; Thirdly, there is a lack of precise calculation of the time spent by residents arriving at educational facilities at the national level. Based on POI, DEM, transport network, land use, population grid data, this study analyzes the accessibility patterns of basic education facilities nationwide by using the methods of cost-distance grid analysis, population-weighted Gini coefficient, and two-variable Moran’s Index calculation, and evaluates the multi-scale fairness of basic educational accessibility. The study found that: 1) The 15-minute isochron of primary and secondary schools covered 79.7% and 78.8% of the population of the country respectively, and the terrain with high accessibility was mainly plain and basin, mostly distributed in urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas; 2) At the county level, the “high level” and “high balance” of accessibility are clustered and distributed. The two-variable Moran’s Index of population coverage and accessibility variation coefficient are –0.602 and –0.587, respectively, that is, areas with high service levels and their surrounding areas tend to be well balanced; 3) At the provincial level, the “high level“ of accessibility does not coincide with the “high balance”. The Gini coefficient in Beijing and other areas with high accessibility of basic education reaches more than 0.7. Generally, the more complex and diverse the natural geographical environment, the lower the fairness of accessibility of basic education between counties. It is suggested to strictly regulate the withdrawal and merger of schools in rural areas, give play to the role of inter-regional transfer payment in improving basic education facilities, and provide good travel conditions for primary and secondary school students.
basic education / transport accessibility / China / spatial equity / point of interest / public service facilities {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 Setting of travel speed for different travel modes表1 不同交通方式的出行时速赋值设定 |
交通方式 | 路网类型 | 时速赋值/(km/h) |
注:城市轨道交通时速赋值据实际线路设计时速50%设定。 | ||
小汽车 | 高速公路 | 120 |
国道/城市快速路 | 80 | |
省道/城市干道 | 60 | |
县道/乡道/城市支路 | 40 | |
公交 | 公交线网 | 25 |
城市轨道交通 | 市域快轨 | 60~80 |
地铁 | 40~60 | |
有轨电车 | 35 | |
步行 | 无 | 4 |
水域 | 无 | 0.5 |
Fig.7 Trend surface analysis of accessibility to primary and secondary schools图7 小学及中学的可达性的趋势面分析 |
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