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Variations of the East Asian Summer Monsoon since the Last Deglaciation recorded by loess deposits in the Linfen Basin
Chen Jie, Yin Jianan, Tian Qingchun
GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2) : 415-424.
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Variations of the East Asian Summer Monsoon since the Last Deglaciation recorded by loess deposits in the Linfen Basin
({{custom_author.role_en}}), {{javascript:window.custom_author_en_index++;}}As an important part of global climate systems, the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and its variations are the focus of academic research. The associated precipitation is closely related to socio-economic development of East Asia, affecting on the production and life of billions of populations. It is thus important to investigate the variability of the EASM on various time-scales and to explore its underlying forcing mechanisms. However, monsoon precipitation over China exhibits large spatial differences, based on reconstructions from various types of paleoclimatic archives and proxies. An enhanced EASM is characterized by increased rainfall in northern China and by reduced rainfall in southern China, with this relationship occurring on different time scales during the Holocene. Moreover, the stability of the EASM during Holocene and the timing of the Holocene climatic optimum throughout its dominated regions remains controversial. These pending questions fundamentally limit our further understanding of the evolution of human-environment interactions and the prediction of long-term trends of regional and global climate in the context of global warming. The Linfen Basin is situated on the southeastern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau, belonging to a transitional zone between semi-arid and semi-humid region and being sensitive to EASM variation. In this study, we chose Zhong Liang (ZL) loess section in the Linfen Basin as research object to reconstruct the variation of the EASM since the Last Deglaciation, by using paleomagnetic dating providing age control and utilizing magnetic susceptibility and elemental composition proxies reconstructing the variability of the EASM since the Last Deglaciation. The results show that a series of short-term climate fluctuation events have been recorded by magnetic susceptibility and elemental composition of ZL section since the Last Deglaciation, such as the Younger Dryas (YD), 10.2 ka B.P., 9.2 ka B.P. and 4.2 ka B.P. cooling event. However, the 8.2 ka B.P. cooling event was not evident in this region. These observations suggest the climate of Linfen Basin varies with global features of millennial-scale and high-frequency oscillation since the Last Deglaciation, meanwhile affected by regional climate changes. Generally, the EASM shows a continuous enhancement from 16.6 to 6.0 ka B.P., in which reaches a maximum during (7.6—6.0) ka B.P., and then a fluctuated declining trend after 6 ka B.P. Moreover, the EASM variation generally matches that of insolation during the middle Holocene, whilst lags that of insolation during the early Holocene, suggesting the evolution of the EASM was mainly controlled by the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation on orbital timescale, and meanwhile modulated by high-latitude Northern Hemisphere ice volume. Due to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) changes caused by the injection of global ice volume during the Last Deglaciation and early Holocene, variation and intensity of the EASM was suppressed to lag the response of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation during the early Holocene, and to cause the evident weakness of the EASM during YD and 9.2 ka B.P. period.
Linfen Basin / loess deposits / East Asian Summer Monsoon / Holocene / Last Deglaciation {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 AMS14C age results of the ZL section表1 中梁剖面（ZL）AMS14C年代结果 |
| Beta实验室编号 | 样品编号 | 深度/cm | 测年材料 | 测定年龄/a B.P. | 校正年龄/cal. a B.P. （概率范围/%） |
| Beta-595444 | ZL-1 | 30 | 有机沉积物 | 3390±30 | 3702—3560（92.6） |
| Beta-595445 | ZL-2 | 80 | 有机沉积物 | 4980±30 | 5753—5601（88.6） |
| Beta-595446 | ZL-3 | 130 | 有机沉积物 | 6110±30 | 7032—6888（72.4） |
| Beta-595447 | ZL-4 | 180 | 有机沉积物 | 5190±30 | 5999—5902（95.4） |
| Beta-595448 | ZL-5 | 230 | 有机沉积物 | 6860±30 | 7756—7615（92.9） |
| Beta-595502 | ZL-6 | 280 | 有机沉积物 | 9380±30 | 10692—10510（95.4） |
Fig. 3 Variations of different proxies (magnetic susceptibility and elemental compositio) in the ZL section since the Last Deglaciation图3 中梁剖面黄土沉积末次冰消期以来不同指标变化特征 χlf为低频磁化率；χfd%为百分比频率磁化率；YD为新仙女木事件；I、II、III、IV分别为第I阶段[（16.6—11.6）ka B.P.]、第II阶段[（11.6—8.2）ka B.P.]、第III阶段[（8.2—4.2）ka B.P.]、第IV阶段（~4.2 ka B.P.以后） |
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Fig. 1 Location of the Linfen Basin and ZL sectionFig. 2 Photograph and lithology of the ZL section, as well as relationship between AMS14C ages and depth
Table 1 AMS14C age results of the ZL sectionFig. 3 Variations of different proxies (magnetic susceptibility and elemental compositio) in the ZL section since the Last DeglaciationFig. 4 Comparisons between ZL section and different EASM records/
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