胶州湾海域面积变化及原因探讨

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.03.365

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on previous results, using the topographic map, nautical chart and remote sensing data, six different periods (1863, 1935, 1969, 1987, 2002 and 2012)coastline position of Jiaozhou Bay were extracted. Also, we calculated the area change of Jiaozhou Bay in these five periods and making chanegs of sea areas in differetn periods and land area distribution map of different development and utilization types according to the way of the development and utilization. It is showed that, in the past 150 years, oceanic area of Jiaozhou Bay decreased by 41% from 578.5 km² in 1863 to 343.09 km² in 2012. In past 70 years, oceanic area of Jiaozhou Bay reduces sharply, and the rates are 3.08 km²/a, 2.78 km²/a, 3.71 km²/a and 1.68 km²/a, respectively. Oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 129.2 km² and is controlled entirely by natural factor before 1863. Between 1863 and 1935, oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 15.1 km², and the main factor of area change is natural factor. Only 9.4% of the area change is due to human activities. In1935-1969, oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 104.78 km², and the area change caused by human activities is 87%. In 1969-1987, oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 49.99 km², and the area change caused by human activities is 89%. Between 1987 and 2002, Oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 55.62 km², the area change due to human activities is 90%. Between 2002 and 2012, oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 16.76 km², and 99% of the area are caused by human activities. In 1935-2012, 93.89% of area change is caused by human activities, which is the main controlling factor. The way of development and utilization, such as sea reclamation, result in the area of Jiaozhou Bay increase in1863-2012. The maximum appears in 1987 to 2012 and the maximal area is 27.67 km². In 1987-2002, land reclamation reaches the maximum scale; in 1935-1969, area of saltern achieves the largest. The impact of this way of development and utilization is devastating and irreversible.

Key words: Jiaozhou Bay, oceanic area change, natural factor, human activities

CLC Number:

P737.1

Li-jie MA, Xi-guang YANG, Ya-li QI, Yan-xia LIU, Jin-zhi ZHANG. Oceanic Area Change and Contributing Factor of Jiaozhou Bay[J].SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(3): 365-369.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

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Table 3

Fig.3

References 18

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年代（年）	类型	比例尺或分辨率	坐标系统
1863	海图	1∶5.5万	墨卡托投影
1935	海图	1∶10万	墨卡托投影
1969	纸质地形图	1∶5万	高斯投影
1987	Landsat TM	30 m	UTM投影
2002	Landsat TM	30 m	UTM投影
2012	Landsat ETM+	30 m	UTM投影

年份（年）	1863	1928	1935	1958	1966	1971	1977
面积（km²）	578.5^a; 567.95^b	560	559	535	470.3	452±1	423
获取途径	海图（1∶5.5万）		海图		海图（1∶5万）	地形图（1∶10万）	地形图
资料出处	^a[15];^b[16]	*	[15]	*	[15]	[10]	[17]
年份（年）	1986	1988	1992	1998	2001	2006	2012
面积（km²）	403±7	390±7	388	368.33	364.86	353.92±3	343.09
获取途径	Landsat-5 TM	Landsat-5 TM	海图（1∶2.5万）	Landsat-5 TM	Landsat-7 ETM+	Landsat-5 TM	Landsat-7 ETM+
资料出处	[10]	[10]	[15]	[17]	[17]	[18]	本研究

年代（年）		1863~1935		1935~1969		1969~1987		1987~2002		2002~2012
总的面积变化(km²) /变化速度(km²/a)		15.1/0.21	5.08(-)	104.78/3.08	3.72(-)	49.99/2.78	11.09(-)	55.62/3.71	1.17(-)	16.76/1.68	5.75(-)
总的面积变化(km²) /变化速度(km²/a)		15.1/0.21	20.18(+)	104.78/3.08	108.5(+)	49.99/2.78	61.08(+)	55.62/3.71	56.79(+)	16.76/1.68	22.51(+)
自然因素导致的面积变化^* (km²)		13.68		13.88		5.48		5.49		0.09
人类开发利用面积(km²)	总和	1.42		90.9		44.51		50.13		16.67
	盐田	0		72.58		12.77（19.49,-6.72）		1.003		0
	养殖池塘	0		0.6		25.68		21.46		-4.33
	填海造陆等	1.42		5.25		6.06		27.67		21.0
	农用耕地	0		12.47		0		0		0

Oceanic Area Change and Contributing Factor of Jiaozhou Bay

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