During the past 50 years, there were many changes in the study on spatial structure of Chinese urban distribution, such as the spatial inequality of cities’distribution, spatial aggregation of cities, spatial interaction of urban system and so on.Traditional approach, composed of qualitative analysis and simple data statistical analysis, can not describe the evolution of spatial structure of urban system efficaciously.As a useful method the Kernel spatial approach could be handled by the ‘non-sophisticated’.According to this paper the density of Chinese cities has obvious inequality which has been enlarging since 1949, and the spatial pattern of urban system has extended southwest with the obvious movement of concentrated areas.The intensity of spatial accumulation had been weaker from 1949 to 1985, stronger from 1985 to 1994 and weaker from 1995 to 2003.The model of spatial pattern of Chinese urban system was "slightly aggregative" before 1978, "random" from 1978 to 1985, "slightly aggregative" from 1985 to 1992, and "intensely aggregative" from 1992 to 2003.