Academic Thought and Technical Progress of Monitoring and Early-warning of the National Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity (V 2014)
Received date: 2014-11-20
Request revised date: 2014-12-10
Online published: 2015-01-15
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It is an innovative work of comprehensive deepening reforms of China to establish the mechanism of monitoring and early-warning of carrying capacity. Based on the scientific connotation of the carrying capacity of national resources and environment and oriented to regional sustainable development, this article explores the “pressure-state-response” process of the interaction between the carrying body: the natural foundation (which consists of resources, environment, ecology and disasters) with the carrying object: the human production and life activities, and presents the academic thought that the early-warning of the national resources and environment carrying capacity is an overload early-warning according to the cap of the constraints of resources and environment or the population and economic rational scales or other key thresholds, and also presents a process early-warning in terms of the changes of the natural basic conditions or the tendencies of the impact of resource utilization and environmental changes. According to the exploration on the principles of early-warning carrying capacity, this article constructs the differential indicator system and the overall technical process of early-warning of marine and terrestrial resources and environment carrying capacity. Land resources stress index, water resources use intensity index, environmental stress strength index and vegetation coverage change range index are chosen as basic indicators to conduct an overall regional evaluation, and different specific indicators, such as the pollution level of dust-haze, the increase and decrease of arable land, equilibrium index of grass and livestock and the variation of eco-environmental quality, are chosen to conduct the specific evaluation respectively for the urbanized areas, major grain producing areas, pastoral and semi-pastoral areas and ecological function areas, and then the key thresholds of these indicators are determined to conduct classifying evaluation. Finally, this article integrates all the evaluations and puts forward an evaluation method which shows the differentials in terms of major function oriented zone and evaluation results of consistent expression, and then carries out the process evaluation using two indexes of resource utilization efficiency and environment pollution pressure to reflect auxiliary the early-warning state of China's resources and environment carrying capacity and sustainable development abilities, thus providing a scientific basis for the proposed recommendations for restrictive measures and the improvement of monitoring and early-warning mechanisms.
FAN Jie , WANG Ya-fei , TANG Qing , ZHOU Kan . Academic Thought and Technical Progress of Monitoring and Early-warning of the National Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity (V 2014)[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2015 , 35(1) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.01.1
Fig.1 Carrying capacity of natural resource classes图1 资源类承载能力状况 |
Fig.2 Carrying capacity of natural environment classes图2 环境类承载能力状况 |
Fig.3 Carrying capacity of ecological classes图3 生态类承载能力状况 |
Fig.4 Carrying capacity of natural disaster classes图4 灾害类承载能力状况 |
Fig.5 The connotation and process of monitoring and early-warning of the national resources and environment carrying capacity图5 资源环境承载能力监测预警过程及内涵 |
Table 1 The indicator system of monitoring and early-warning of the national resources and environment carrying capacity表1 全国资源环境承载能力预警评价指标体系 |
指标类别 | 指标构成 | 具体指标 | |
---|---|---|---|
陆 域 | 基础评价指标 | 资源类 | 土地资源压力指数、水资源利用强度 |
环境类 | 环境胁迫程度 | ||
生态类 | 植被盖度指数变动度 | ||
专项评价指标 | 城市化地区 | 灰霾污染程度 | |
农牧地区 | 耕地面积变化幅度、草畜平衡指数 | ||
生态地区 | 生态环境质量变化状态、植被盖度指数变动度 | ||
过程评价指标 | 资源环境综合效益 | 资源利用效率、环境污染压力 | |
待补指标 | “一票否决”预警指标 | 自然保护区扰动程度、风景名胜区水质恶化程度等 | |
部门红线管控指标 | 生态红线、水红线、环境红线、土地红线等侵占程度 | ||
海 域 | 海域空间资源承载状况 | 岸线开发强度、海域开发强度 | |
海洋生物资源承载状况 | 近海捕捞强度、近海养殖强度 | ||
海洋环境承载状况 | 海洋功能区水质达标率、海洋生态灾害和环境风险状况、典型海洋生境状况 |
Fig.6 The overall technical flowchart of early-warning of the national resources and environment carrying capacity图6 全国资源环境承载能力预警总体技术路线 |
Fig.7 Specification of functions and selection of corresponding functions to different evaluations图7 功能细化方案及各类评价对应的功能类型选择 |
Fig.8 Research flowchart of integrated evaluation图8 集成评价技术流程 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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