Regional Differences and Inter-regional Linkage of Industrial Energy Consumption in China
Received date: 2014-03-17
Request revised date: 2014-06-25
Online published: 2015-01-15
Copyright
Targets on energy conservation and emission reduction have been an important binding force of regional development in the last few years, along with a series of strategies and policies implemented by central government of China. It is significant to reveal regional differences and inter-regional linkage of industrial energy consumption in respect to proposing guidelines for energy conservation and emission reduction on both national and regional scales. In this study, regional differences in energy intensity in China’s 30 provinces were analyzed. And in combination with the embodied energy indicators, all of the provinces were classified into six types according to their energy consumption and development patterns, namely urban-consumer, heavy-export-oriented, light-export-oriented, energy-base, medium-energy-intensity and low-energy-intensity. Then, inter-regional linkage of energy consumption was clarified in respect to the spatial pattern of embodied energy flow in China. According to the theory of regional division of labor, the regional differences and inter-regional linkage of industrial energy consumption could be explained from two aspects. One is the inter-industrial division, and the other is industrial chain division of all regions and the resulted intermediate products trade. Specifically, the low-energy-intensity regions are specialized in producing raw materials and primary products with low energy intensity, while the heavy-export-oriented and energy-base regions are specialized in producing intermediate products with high energy intensity. Urban-consumer and light-export-oriented regions are specialized in producing final products. To be more important, the pattern of embodied energy flow in China is related to that of industrial chain division to a large degree. At last, based on the results, suggestions for the development strategies and policies of the six types of regions are given as follows: 1) for the low-energy-intensity and energy-base regions that are still in the early or middle stage of industrialization, the central government should increase financial transfer to improve infrastructure and promote technological transformation in traditional industries, and the target may be slightly lower than the national average level; 2) for heavy-export-oriented and medium-energy-intensity regions, the energy intensity target can be realized through upgrading of manufacturing industry and enhancement of proportion of tertiary industry, and the target should be higher than the national average level; 3) for urban-consumer and light-export-oriented regions that are in the late industrialization or post-industrial stage, energy saving lies on increasing the importance of high-energy products and industrial transfer, which means increasing imported embodied energy. For the country as a whole, more efforts should be made to change China’s exportation-oriented development strategies, and the position in the international trade of embodied energy, through controlling of the exportation and importation.
LI Fang-yi , LIU Wei-dong , GONG Pei-ping . Regional Differences and Inter-regional Linkage of Industrial Energy Consumption in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2015 , 35(1) : 38 -46 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.01.38
Fig. 1 Regional difference of energy consumption in 2010图1 2010年能源利用的区域差异 |
Fig.2 Two steps of regional division图2 区域类型划分过程 |
Fig.3 Results of regional division图3 区域类型划分结果 |
Table 1 Embodied energy transfer matrix in inter-regional trade in 2007 (×106tce)表1 2007年区域间贸易中的隐含能源转移矩阵(×106tce) |
都市消费型 | 重型出口型 | 能源基地型 | 中等能耗型 | 轻型出口型 | 低能耗型 | 区域外 | 在隐含能源流中的位置 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
都市消费型 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 109 | 消费终端、进口端 |
重型出口型 | 11 | — | — | 12 | 15 | 7 | 104 | 起点、中间节点、出口终端 |
能源基地型 | 41 | 6 | — | 25 | 51 | 17 | 66 | 起点 |
中等能耗型 | 10 | — | — | — | 15 | 3 | 47 | 起点、中间节点 |
轻型出口型 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 378 | 出口终端、消费终端 |
低能耗型 | 8 | — | — | — | 19 | — | 31 | 起点、中间节点 |
区域外 | 150 | 60 | 40 | 36 | 250 | 22 | — | 终端 |
Table 2 Energy intensities and location entropies of each sector in six regions in 2007表2 2007年产业能源强度及在各区域的区位熵 |
能源强度 | 都市消费型 | 重型出口型 | 能源基地型 | 中等能耗型 | 轻型出口型 | 低能耗型 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
农业 | 115 | 0.12 | 0.94 | 1.14 | 1.51 | 0.63 | 1.67 |
采矿业 | 516 | 0.40 | 1.45 | 2.15 | 1.48 | 0.22 | 0.99 |
轻工业 | 143 | 0.51 | 1.18 | 0.71 | 0.79 | 1.26 | 1.14 |
化学工业 | 488 | 0.88 | 1.35 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 1.12 | 0.78 |
原材料加工业 | 664 | 0.72 | 1.09 | 1.61 | 0.74 | 0.88 | 1.13 |
机械制造业 | 63 | 1.31 | 0.99 | 0.34 | 0.77 | 1.51 | 0.61 |
公共供给 | 475 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 1.43 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 1.00 |
建筑业 | 55 | 0.74 | 0.93 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 0.86 | 1.25 |
交通运输业 | 625 | 1.08 | 0.91 | 1.42 | 0.99 | 0.81 | 1.08 |
商业 | 90 | 1.37 | 0.93 | 0.76 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 0.90 |
公共服务 | 95 | 1.61 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.83 |
注:能源强度为全国平均值,单位:kgce/万元。采矿业包括煤炭开采和洗选业、石油和天然气开采业、金属矿采选业、非金属矿及其他矿采选业,轻工业包括食品制造及烟草加工业、纺织业、纺织服装鞋帽皮革羽绒及其制品业、木材加工及家具制造业、造纸印刷及文教体育用品制造业,化学工业包括石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业、化学工业,原材料加工业包括非金属矿物制品业、金属冶炼及压延加工业、金属制品业,机械制造业包括通用和专用设备制造业、交通运输设备制造业、电气机械及器材制造业、通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业、仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业、其他制造业,公共供给包括电力、热力的生产和供应业、燃气及水的生产与供应业,商业包括批发零售业、住宿餐饮业、租赁和商业服务业,公共服务包括研究与试验发展业、其他服务业。农业、建筑业、交通运输业分别对应着投入产出表中的农业、建筑业、交通运输和仓储业。 |
Table 3 Flow of intermediate products and finished products in 2007表3 2007年中间产品流量及各区域调出产品价值量 |
目的地调出地 | 都市 消费型 | 重型 出口型 | 能源 基地型 | 中等 能耗型 | 轻型 出口型 | 低能耗型 | 中间产品净调出 | 制造业最终产品 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
农业 | 采矿业 | 制造业 | 净调出 | 出口 | |||||||
都市消费型 | —— | ◆□ | -611 | -493 | -903 | -764 | 13109 | ||||
重型出口型 | ◆ | —— | ◆ | -808 | 664 | 2012 | 971 | 7636 | |||
能源基地型 | ☆◆□ | ☆ | —— | ☆◆ | ☆◆◆□□ | ☆ | 802 | 1409 | 4223 | -1736 | 2583 |
中等能耗型 | ☆☆◆ | ☆ | —— | ☆☆◆◆□ | ☆ | 1277 | 985 | -2778 | -1840 | 3094 | |
轻型出口型 | □ | □ | □ | —— | □ | -1222 | -2787 | -4980 | 4866 | 51468 | |
低能耗型 | ☆ | ☆☆◆◆□□ | —— | 563 | 222 | 2426 | -1498 | 2396 |
注:☆:农业中间使用;◆:采矿业中间使用;□:制造业中间使用,个数多表示流量大,未评估自身对自身的中间使用流量。其他数据单位:亿元人民币。净调出=调出-调入。 |
Fig.4 Position of each region in embodied energy flow and industrial chains图4 区域在隐含能源流和产业链中的位置 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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