The spatial pattern of urban system in the result of the location selection is formed mainly through the economic activities and the population migration in history. It is an important part of the study of the urban system taking towns in Jiangsu Province as a point in a geographical space in order to discover the spatial distribution of the towns and to analyze the formation of the internal mechanism of this type. There are four methods of the urban system’s spatial structure research widely used currently. They are nearest neighbor point index, neighboring point’s average, variation coefficient of the Voronoi area and counting numbers of the individual goals in a grid using Keermagefu-Shimiernuofu formula and Lorenz curve. The methods above cannot describe the local spatial distribution of the point group. This paper uses a Meta Fractal Dimension Model (MFDM) that can be applied to describe the variation of local shape of map objects to measure the spatial structure of 1850 towns and blocks quantitatively using Jiangsu foundational data in 2005. The result shows that: ①Difference of the spatial distribution characteristic is significant and the evenness degree decreases from south to north. Towns in the South of Jiangsu Province distribute intensively and evenly, relatively slight in the middle region and not even in the north except downtown of Xuzhou; ②East region in Jiangsu Province is more even than the west; ③It is obvious that the distribution characteristic of towns, like Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong and Nanjing developing along the axis of the Yangtze River, is intensive; ④Evenness degree of the urban system is basically consistent with the urbanization level in Jiangsu Province. It is proved that the MFDM is effective to discover the variation of the local spatial distribution characteristic on a certain scale.