Due to the combined influences of climate warming and anthropogenic activities, permafrost degradation has accelerated during the last decades. Permafrost has been degrading more rapidly in the southern parts and urbanized areas, and in the cultivated and felled or cleared woodlands than in the northern parts, countryside, forested areas, and primeval forests. Permafrost degrades sooner at higher elevation, on the mountains, and on sunny slopes than at lower elevation, in the valleys and on the shadowy slopes. Permafrost degrades more readily and more rapidly in the following order of the cultivated or barren land, grasslands, shrubs, woodlands, and wetlands. The latitudinal and elevational zoning controls permafrost degradation, but local factors also have important influences, resulting in abrupt changes in permafrost conditions. In particular, anthropogenic activities have played, are playing, and will be playing very important roles in permafrost degradation and changes in cold regions eco-environments in the Hinggan Mountains, the northeastern China. Here human impacts on permafrost degradation might be the most prominent and could result in grave socio-economical and environmental impacts if they are not managed properly and timely.
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