In the paper, fourteen principles in geography are refined. The first two principles show how peoples do location decision-making: (1) peoples would face the location choices; (2) in selecting location, one person, he or she, is interested in not only a place but also the benefit from others connected with the place. The other seven principles are about spatial difference analysis: (3) size and scale principles; (4) spatial thermodynamic difference principles; (5) environmental effects of the earth rotation force, the Earth crust movement and the gravitation between the Earth, Sun and Moon, which come from outside of the Earth’ surface; (6) the effects of weathering, erosion, transport and deposition on the Earth’s surface; (7) Distance decay principles; (8) the perspective from space, location and region for the establishment and development of places; (9) causality between the spatial differences and migration, interregional trade. The above seven principles embrace the aspects from natural and social forces, as well as spatial effects. There are two principles related to the relationships between men and their environment: (10) human competition in space; (11) mosaics, dependence, interaction and interdependence relationships existing in the Earth’s surface. The twelfth principle lays a foundation of geographical analysis methods: (12) spatial critical point principle. The last two principles sum up the bases of policy-making for the use and conservation of the Earth: (13) externality principles of human activity on the Earth’s surface; (14) peoples face how to balance their interregional benefit in resources developing and environmental conservation on the Earth. Although the intention of writing the paper is for teaching, the author considers that the principles may have some meanings for geographic research, including setting up more common academic language and integration between human and physical geography.
[1] de Blij H J, Murphy A B, E H Fouberg. Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture [M]. New York: John Wiley& Sons, Inc, Eighth Edition, 2007.
[2] de Blij H J, P O Muller. Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts [M]. New York: John Wiley& Sons, Inc, Eleventh Edition, 2004.
[3] Fellmann J D, Getis A, Getis J. Human geography [M]. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
[4] Getis A, Getis J, Fellmann J D. Introduction to geography [M]. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2008.
[5] Strahler A H, Strahler A N. Physical Geography[M], New York: John Wiley& Sons, Inc, Third Edition, 2005.
[6] 黄秉维,郑度,赵名茶等著.现代自然地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[7] 王恩涌,赵荣,张小林,等.人文地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[8] 林超.试论地理学的性质[J]. 地理科学, 1(2):97~104.
[9] 黄秉维. 国际地理学研究方向[J]. 地理科学, 1981,1(1):2~10.
[10] 杨吾扬. 理论地理学的科学问题[J]. 地理科学,1989,9(2):105~112.
[11] 普雷斯顿·詹姆斯,地理学思想史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982.419~490.
[12] 约翰·冯·杜能.吴衡康等译.孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[13] 阿尔弗雷德·韦伯.李刚剑,陈志人,张英保译,朱立新校.工业区位论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[14] 沃尔特·克里斯塔勒常正文,王兴中等译.德国南部中心地原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1998.
[15] G L 克拉克,M P费尔德曼,M.S.格特勒主编.牛津经济地理学手册[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[16] 刘南威主编,自然地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[17] A N斯特拉勒,A H斯特拉勒.现代自然地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
[18] 伍光和编著.自然地理学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[19] 胡兆量, 陈宗兴,张乐育.地理环境概述[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[20] 陈耀泰. 珠江口沉积分区[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 34(3):109~114.
[21] 杨吾扬,梁进社.高等经济地理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
[22] Gallup J L, Sachs J. Geography and economic growth. Washington, D. C. The World Bank, 1998.
[23] Norton W. Human Geography[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
[24] R J约翰斯顿.唐晓峰,李平,叶冰等译.地理学与地理学家——1945年以来的英美人文地理学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[25] 伯蒂尔·奥林.地区间贸易与国际贸易[M].北京:商务印书馆,1986.
[26] 罗伯特·迪金森.近代地理学创建人[M],商务印书馆,1984.
[27] 保罗·克鲁格曼.张兆杰译.地理和贸易[M].北京:北京大学出版社,中国人民大学出版社,2000.