"Coordination" is a conception of describing fine correlation between things, which meaning is "unanimous harmonious and tie in". From systemic point of view, coordination is unanimous harmonious of system or factor in process of development and evolvement. city and country belong to two different systems, reviewing from historical angle. The relation of them are commonly considered to successively go through four development phase, that is urban-rural intergrowth, urban-rural abruption, urban-rural opposition, and urban-rural amalgamation(urban and rural coordinated development or urban-rural integration).Urban and rural development coordination is an idea or think of urban and rural development aiming at urban and rural opposite to each other. Urban and rural development coordination can be measured by calculating urban-rural coordination degree. Coordination degree is a temporal conception and postural representation which pursues systemic whole furthest excellent. The bigger coordination degree, the upper consistency among system or factor development; otherwise, system or factor development is out of line and needs controlling systemic operation. Urban-rural coordination degree which is ration index of measuring urban and rural coordination status reflects coupling degree of aspect of nature, society and economy of specified time and area in urban-rural terrain system. To measure urban-rural coordination degree needs to figure out comprehensive development status of urban and rural subsystems first of all. Following the principle of comprehensive, dominant, comparable and securable, the paper sets up urban and rural development coordination evaluation index system, figures urban-rural subsystem comprehensive development index of 17 cities in Shandong Province using principal component analysis, analyzes and appraises urban and rural development coordination of those cities through urban-rural coordination degree coefficient. Basing on coordination degree coefficient and urban and rural subsystems development status, the paper classifies seventeen cities in Shandong Province to six types, that is, coordination, basic coordination, border on maladjustment, elementary maladjustment, intermediate maladjustment, and severe maladjustment.As a result, the paper considers: ①Coordination is a relative and dynamic conception, urban and rural development coordination has not absolute standard, and the same coordination degree reflects diverse information. ②Urban-rural coordination degree coefficient is a nondimensional numerical value base on the urban and rural comprehensive development index, which has not any actual meaning with sole region except many regions' contrast analysis. ③There is evident spatial differences of urban and rural development coordination in Shandong Province, and the Eastern Shandong excelled the Midwestern Shandong as a whole. ④There is positive correlation between urban-rural coordination degree and economy development level, and the higher economy development level, the better urban and rural development coordination.