With the deepen understanding of soil erosion at spatial scale, gully erosion has been attracted more interest than ever. The black soils in Northeast China is one of the important bases for food supplies, but now the soil erosion, especially the fast expansion of gully erosion, has been one of the most important reasons for soil degradation. This paper made use of Global Positioning System (GPS) to measure the shape characteristics of ephemeral gully(EG), the platform of Geographical Information System to calculate the status of EG erosion, and analysis the geomorphic factors to determine the occurrence of EG erosion. The results show that the distribution density of EG is 0.56-0.93 km/km2, its annual erosion modulus is between 118 m3/km2 and 199 m3/km2, and the proportion of the destroyed area by EG come up to 0.11%-0.19% of the watershed area. These indicated that gully density has reached middle and intensity degree erosion, being in rapid growth stage. It was also found that the threshold catchment area of EG in the study area is larger than that in the Loess Plateau, whereas the threshold slope smaller than that in the Loess Plateau. Meantime, the analyses indicated that the volume of ephemeral gully is determined mostly by its length that is mostly determined by the length of watershed. This means that mostly the length of the watershed determines the volume of ephemeral gully, which undoubtedly provides a referred thought for the construction of gully model.
HU Gang, WU Yong-qiu, LIU Bao-yuan, ZHENG Qiu-hong, ZHANG Yong-guang, WEI Xin
. Growth Characteristics of Ephemeral Gully in Rolling Hills of Black Soils in Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2009
, 29(4)
: 545
-549
.
DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2009.04.545
[1] 刘宝元,张科利.土壤可蚀性及其在侵蚀预报中的应用[J].自然资源学报,1999, 14(4):345~350.
[2] Poesen J, Nachtergaele J, Verstraeten G,et al.Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs[J].CATENA,2003, 50(2-4):91-133.
[3] Krause A K,Franks S W,Kalma J D,et al.Multi-parameter fingerprinting of sediment deposition in a small gullied catchment in SE Australia[J].CATENA,2003, 53(4):327-348.
[4] Li Y,Poesen J,Yang J C,et al.Evaluating gully erosion using 137Cs and 210Pb/137Cs ratio in a reservoir catchment[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2003,69(1-2):107-115.
[5] 郑粉莉,武 敏,张玉斌,等.黄土陡坡裸露坡耕地浅沟发育过程研究[J].地理科学,2006, 26(4):438~442.
[6] Valentin C,Poesen J,Li Y.Gully erosion:Impacts,factors and control[J].CATENA,2005, 63(2-3):132-153.
[7] 胡 刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等.东北漫岗黑土区切沟侵蚀发育特征[J].地理学报,2007, 62(11):1165~1173.
[8] 陈永宗.黄河中游黄土丘陵区的沟谷类型[J].地理科学,1984,4(4):321~327.
[9] 张科利,唐克丽.黄土高原坡面浅沟侵蚀特征值的研究[J].水土保持学报,1991,5(2):8~13.
[10] 朱显谟.黄土区土壤侵蚀的分类[J].土壤学报,1956,4(2):99~115.
[11] Soil Science Society of America. Glossary of Soil Science Terms. Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI,2001:http://www.soils.org/sssagloss/.
[12] Poesen J. Gully typology and gully control measures in the European loess belt[C]// Wicherek S (Ed). Farm Land Erosion in Temperate Plains Environment and Hills. Elsevier, Amsterdam,1993: 221-239.
[13] 刘兴土,阎百兴.东北黑土区水土流失与粮食安全[J].中国水土保持,2009,(1):17~19.
[14] 张永光.东北漫岗黑土区小流域浅沟侵蚀初步研究.北京师范大学,2006.
[15] 沈玉昌,龚国元.河流地貌学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
[16] 唐克丽,张科利.黄土丘陵区退耕上限坡度的研究论证[J].科学通报,1998, 43(2):200~203.
[17] 张科利.陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区坡耕地浅沟侵蚀及其防治途径.中国科学院西北水土保持研究所,1988.
[18] 胡 刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等.东北漫川漫岗黑土区浅沟和切沟发生的地貌临界模型探讨[J].地理科学,2006, 26(4):449~454.
[19] 姜永清,王占礼,胡光荣,等.瓦背状浅沟分布特征分析[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):181~184.
[20] Nachtergaele J, Poesen J, Steegen A,et al.The value of a physically based model versus an empirical approach in the prediction of ephemeral gully erosion for loess-derived soils[J]. Geomorphology,2001,40(3-4):237-252.
[21] Foster G,Lane L.Erosion by concentrated flow in farm fields[C].//Li R M, Lagasse P F (Eds) . In Proceedings of the D.B. Simons Symposium on Erosion and Sedimentation. Colorado State University, Fort Collins,1983:965-982.
[22] Rauws G. The initiation of rills on plane beds of non-cohesive sediments[J].Rill erosion. Catena, Suppl,1987,8:107-118.
[23] Rauws G,Covers G.Hydraulic and soil mechanical aspects of rill generation on agricultural soils[J]. J.Soil Sci,1988,39:111- l24.
[24] Leopold L B,Wolman M G,Miller T P.Fluvial processes in geomorphology[M].San Francisco: W.H.Freeman,1964:522.
[25] 张永光,伍永秋,刘鸿鹄,等.东北漫岗黑土区地形因子对浅沟侵蚀的影响分析[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):35~38.
