In the current phase of the global economic incorporation, the speed of the industrialization and urbanization is growing, and the metropolis and residentialization corridor is expanding increasing, especially in the developing countries and Asian area. But during the urbanization, the protection of the environment, especially protecting and making good use of water resoucers, is ignored because lack of the scientific outlook on development, merely aiming at economic benefit and the increasing speed of GDP per capita. This paper discusses the characters and processes of the urbanization, the utilization and management of the water resources and how to protect the water resources in the lower Changjiang River valley through investigating some important cities deeply, especially the problems of water body pollution, protection and urbanization process in the area of Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou and the Changjiang River mouth are deeply investigated and analysized. At last some new methods about how to utilize and protect the water resources during the urbanization in the developed area are put forward in order to be used in the construction of the harmonious society. The methods and models of the harmonious development about the urban industrial structure adjustments and new industrialization road in the downstream area of Changjiang River are proposed particularly, which will benefit for sustainable development in this area.