This paper analyzes the characteristics, tendencies, and causes of annual runoff variations of the Yingluo Gorge (1944-2005) and the Zhengyi Gorge (1954-2005), which are the boundaries of the upper reaches, the middle reaches, and the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Methods used in the study include wavelet analysis, wavelet neural network model, and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that: (1) annual runoff variations of the Yingluo Gorge had principal periods of 7 years and 25 years, and the variation ratio was 1.04 m3/(s·10a); (2) annual runoff variations of the Zhengyi Gorge had principal periods of 6 years and 27 years, and the variation ratio was 2.65m3/(s·10a); (3) during 2006-2015, annual runoff variations of the Yingluo Gorge have ascending tendencies, and the increasing ratio is 2.04 m3/(s·10a); (4) the annual runoff increase of the Yinluo Gorge had causal relationship with the increased temperature and precipitation in the upper reaches, and the annual runoff decrease of the Zhengyi Gorge in the past decades was mainly caused by the increased human consumption of water resources in the middle researches. The study results will provide scientific foundation for making rational use and allocation schemes of water resources in the Heihe River Basin.
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