Hydrological Changing in the Middle Reaches of the Huanghe River During Flood Seasons of 1766-1911
Received date: 2011-01-28
Request revised date: 2011-04-04
Online published: 2012-01-20
Copyright
Climate change and regional development under the background of water resource decreased over the Yellow River basin, which is under the monsoon climate control. The runoffs during flood season in the Yellow River is about 60%-70%. Rain-fed agriculture is the most important ecnomy part of China during the past thousands of years, while rainy summer and autumn leads to rivers flood, so in history Chinese government must predominate the flood to avoid the agricultural loss. According to the historical records of water level in the Wanjintan during 1766-1911 A D, the reconstruction of the flood flow (R) of Sanmenxia section sequences, and the start time of 115-year flood. Its multi-year average runoffs are R=51.06×109 m3/yr, and the average flood conditions for the start time T is in the early July. Wavelet shows the a 50-year cycle in the runoff series. The results show that: the runoffs in the middle reaches of the Huanghe River has inter-annual and inter-decadal oscillations like 6-8 years, quasi-22 years and 50 years. The determination of the quasi-22 years is link to the changing of Wolf Sunspot Numbers. The solar activity was significant during the 1830s. ENSO event is negative with the changing of natural runoff at the inter-annual scale. There was a low-flow period in the last 4 eras of LIA, and it has been the longest low-flow period since 1766 A D. The summer is the key reason of the changing of flood season beginning time for the unstable rainband moving from the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River to the middle reaches of the Huanghe River. Based on water level of Wanjintan in the middle reach of Yellow River(Sanmenxia, Henan)in the 1766-1911s were recorded the time of rising water. Under the 5-days scale, establishing the beginning time of flood season in Sanmenxia in the study period. The results show that: 1766-1840s is the start time of flood season in the middle reaches of the average level; in 1840-1860s the beginning time of flood season come late; in 1860~1890s the beginning time of flood season advance again. In the study period, the average beginning time of flood season in the middle reaches of Yellow River is in the early July, the end time of rainy in the middle reach of Changjiang River have a good correspondence. However, summer wind rain-band moving is the main driving factors of changing of flood season beginning. The delay of flood season to about one pentad in the middle reaches of the Yellow River from 1870 to 1900 is in accordance with the relative low temperature of the Loess Plateau in summer, while the early flood season of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and Qin River is correspondent with the relative high temperature of summer in the Loess Plateau.
Key words: the middle reaches of Yellow River; flood season; Sanmenxia; summer monsoon; runoffs
PAN Wei , ZHUANG Hong-zhong , LI Zhuo-lun , YE Sheng . Hydrological Changing in the Middle Reaches of the Huanghe River During Flood Seasons of 1766-1911[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012 , 32(1) : 94 -100 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.01.94
Fig.1 Sketch of study area图1 研究区域 |
Fig.2 Correlation of H (m) and the runoff of Sanmenxia (R)图2 涨水高度H与三门峡断面径流量R相关关系 |
Fig.3 The changing of R & A in 1766-1911图3 1766~1911年三门峡断面汛期水情 |
Fig.4 Wavelet (up: HF;down: LF)图4 针对R的小波分析 |
Fig.5 The relationship of P and UEP图5 黄河中游降雨量P(mm)、ENSO强度关系 |
Fig.6 The relationship between temperature anomalies and runoff on the decadal scale图6 年代际尺度上温度变化距平与径流量变化关系 |
Table 1 Hydrological changing and the climate background of Sanmenxia in flood periods of the 1770s-1900s表1 1770~1900 s三门峡断面汛期水情及气候背景 |
年代(年) | R(108m3/a) | A | AT(℃) | ENSO(L:E)[23] | sm[18] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1770 | 487.43 | -2.4(5) | 0.1 | 5:1 | - |
1780 | 516.88 | 0.4(5) | -0.2 | 5:2 | - |
1790 | 506.73 | -2.5(10) | -1.1 | 3:5,(1791,1792) | - |
1800 | 492.95 | -2.0(8) | -0.7 | 5:2 | - |
1810 | 509.00 | -1.6(10) | -0.9 | 4:3,(1816) | - |
1820 | 528.20 | 5.2(10) | -0.9 | 3:4 | + |
1830 | 563.60 | 0.9(10) | -0.8 | 0:4,(1833,1839) | + |
1840 | 687.35 | 8.3(9) | -0.9 | 2:2 | + |
1850 | 650.65 | 4.3(6) | -0.3 | 2:3,(1852,1856) | + |
1860 | 477.29 | 0.8(6) | -0.1 | 5:2,(1869) | + |
1870 | 440.47 | -1.3(6) | -1.4 | 5:2,(1877,1878) | - |
1880 | 394.06 | -4.2(10) | -1.3 | 3:3 | - |
1890 | 412.25 | 0.7(9) | -1.0 | 4:1 | - |
1900 | 509.00 | -3.7(9) | -0.5 | 4:4,(1901,1905,1906) | - |
备注:A列中()内为有汛期开始时间记录的年份个数;ENSO列为La-Nina年年份个数:El-Nino年年份个数,()内为强El-Nino年份;sm:夏季风强度,+表示偏强,-表示偏弱。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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