On the basis of analying the features of“Northeast phenomenon”and the historical development process of western old industrial bases,using the industrial structure theory and economic growth theory,this paper discusses the restrictive factors in old industrial bases recession and studies the mechanism of recession of old industrial buses.According to the successful experience of western old industrial bases transforming,the paper point-ed out the aim,way and measure of northeast old industrial base transforming in China.The main conclusions drawn from the study are as follows:1. The main feature of recession of old industrial bases is low increase,low speed and bad benefit.2. The regional superiority is the objective foundation of industrial base formation and development.3. The main reason of lod industrial base recession is the industrial structure aged.4. The adjustment industrial structure is the dey way of northeast old industrial base transforming.5. The aims of northeast old industrial base transforming inelude adjusting the relationship between raw industry and manufacture industry,light in-dustry and heavy industry,adjusting industrial technical structure and product structure.6. The way of northeast old industrial base transforming consists of making new industrial development pattern,adjusting industrial allocation,improving regional investment environment,speeding up the developlment of southern coast zone,developing greatly town industry,laying down a series of measures that promote the reform of northeast old industrial base.