Using the field archaeological data and some research results in archaeology and environmental evolution, this paper analyzes the historic evolution of the cultural landscapes and natural landscape since the Holocene in the Xiliao River Basin. Based on the historic evolution of natural and cultural landscapes, the authors systematically reconstruct the coupling evolution history of man-land system and unveil the interactional mechanisms between human and nature in the Xiliao River Basin.During the earlier Holocene, evolution of pre-historic cultures, including Xiaohexi Culture and Xinglongwa Culture, had been closely linked with climatic evolution. Climatic changes into warm and humid resulted in the germination and development of the pre-historic cultures, while decline of pre-historic cultures had close relationship with climatic deterioration. During the middle period of the Holocene from Zhaobaogou Culture to Lower Layer Culture of Xiajiadian, prosperity and decline of cultures correlated with multifold factors. Evolution of natural landscape was the external driving force. While humańs cultural accumulation, inter-regional cultural diffusion and intercommunication were the internal driving forces. Humańs disturbances upon natural landscape would feed back to cultural landscapes and influence the development of cultures. Cultural transformation between Upper Layer Culture and Lower Layer Culture of Xiajiadian was a gradual changing process. Climatic change was the main driving force, while inter-regional cultural communication further advanced the development of animal husbandry of Upper Layer Culture of Xiajiadian.During historic period, multifold factors, such as prosperity and decline of the Han and minority dynasties, ethnic policy of the Han dynasties, cultural intercommunication between the Han nationality and minority, development of social productivity level, changes of natural environment, etc, comprehensively acted on the evolution of cultural landscapes. In fact, it was the ebb and flow of different nationś cultures, which were the most important. Development of culture and productivity level promoted humańs ability to adapt to and remodel nature, and culture played more and more important role in the evolution of man-land system.
HU Jin-ming, CUI Hai-ting, LI Yi-yin
. Reconstruction of the Evolution History of Man-Land System since the Holocene in the Xiliao River Basin[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2002
, 22(5)
: 535
-542
.
DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2002.05.535
[1] 靳枫毅.夏家店上层文化及其族属问题[J].考古学报,1987,(2):177～208.
[2] 齐晓光.内蒙古克什克腾旗龙头山遗址发掘的主要收获[A]见:内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集[C]北京:海洋出版社,1991.58～72.
[3] 杨虎.辽西地区新石器-铜石并用时代考古文化序列与分期[J].文物,1994,(4):37～52.
[4] 中国社会科学院考古研究所(编著).中国考古学中碳十四年代数据集1965～1981[M].北京:文物出版社,1983.24～25.
[5] 中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.宁城南山根遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1975,(1):117～140.
[6] 中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子-夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[7] 中国社会科学院考古研究所.敖汉赵宝沟--新石器时代聚落[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997.
[8] 中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗赵宝沟一号遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1988,(1):1～6.
[9] 中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆洼聚落遗址1992年发掘简报[J].考古,1997,(1):1～26,52.
[10] 内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1993,(7):577～586.
[11] 辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,敖汉旗文化馆.辽宁敖汉旗小河沿三种原始文化的发现[J].文物,1977,(12):1～12,81
[12] 辽宁省博物馆,等.内蒙古赤峰县四分地东山嘴遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1983,(5):420～429.
[13] 郭大顺,马沙.以辽河流域为中心的新石器文化[J].考古学报,1985,(4):417～444.
[14] 郭大顺.红山文化的"唯玉为葬"与辽河文明起源特征再认识[J]文物,1997,(8):20～26.
[15] 韩茂莉.辽金农业地理[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1999.
[16] 孔昭宸,杜乃秋内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆洼遗址址物的初步报告[J].考古,1985,(10):873～874.
[17] 孔昭宸,杜乃秋,刘观民,杨虎.内蒙古自治区赤峰市距今8000～2400年间环境考古学的初步研究[A].见:周昆叔主编.环境考古研究(第一辑)[C].北京:科学出版社,1991.112～119.
[18] 李恭笃.昭乌达盟石棚山考古新发现[J]文物,1982,(3):31～36.
[19] 刘晋祥,董新林.浅论赵宝沟文化的农业经济[J].考古,1996,(2):61～65.
[20] 任式楠.兴隆洼文化的发现及其意义[J].考古,1994,(8):710～718
[21] 田广金.内蒙古长城地带不同系统考古学文化的分布区域及其相互影响[A].张兰生(主编).中国生存环境历史演变规律(一)[C]北京:海洋出版社,1992 123～137.
[22] 徐光冀.赤峰阴金河阴河流域石城遗址[A].中国考古学研究--夏鼐先生考古五十年纪念论文集[C].北京:文物出版社,1986.
[23] 杨虎,刘国祥.兴隆洼文化居室葬俗及相关问题探讨[J].考古,1997,(1):27～36.
[24] 詹子庆.中国古代史(上、下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997.
[25] 夏玉梅,汪佩方,李取生,蒋桂文东北全新世暖温期气候变化的初步研究[A]见:张兰生(主编)中国生存环境历史演变规律研究(一)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1992.296～315.
[26] 裘善文.科尔沁沙地形成与演变的研究[J].地理科学,1989,9(4):185～201.
[27] 任国玉.中国东北沙地埋藏土壤的成因和环境指示意义[J].干旱区地理,1997,20(2):73～79.
[28] 武吉华,郑新生.中国北方农牧交错带(赤峰沙区)8000年土壤和植被演变初探[A]见:周廷儒,张兰生(主编).中国北方农牧交错带全新世环境演变及预测[C]北京:地质出版社,1992.55～70.
[29] 夏玉梅呼伦贝尔沙地古土壤孢粉特征与大暖期环境的初步研究[A]张兰生(主编)中国生存环境历史演变规律研究(一)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1992.44～53.
[30] 张兰生,史陪军,方修琦.中国北方农牧交错带(鄂尔多斯地区)全新世环境演变及未来百年预测[A].见:周廷儒,张兰生(主编).中国北方农牧交错带全新世环境演变及预测[M]北京:地质出版社,1992.1～15.
[31] 崔海亭,吴万里,宋长青,武弘麟.内蒙古大青山地区全新世环境的重建[A].见:张兰生(主编)中国生存环境历史演变规律研究(一)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992.285～295.
[32] 刘清泗,李华章.中国北方农牧交错带(岱海-黄旗海地区)全新世环境演变[A].见:周廷儒,张兰生主编.中国北方农牧交错带全新世环境演变及预测[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.16～54.
[33] 满志敏,张修桂.中国东部中世纪温暖期(MWP)的历史证据和基本特征的初步研究[A].见:张兰生(主编)中国生存环境历史演变规律研究(一)[M].北京:海洋出版社,199395～104.
[34] 满志敏.中国气候变化[A].见:张丕远(主编).中国气候变化[M]济南:山东科技出版社,1994,184～188.
[35] 任国玉,张兰生.科尔沁沙地麦里地区晚全新世植被演化[J].植物学报,1997,39(4):353～362.
[36] 施雅风,孔昭宸,王苏民,等.中国全新世大暖期的气候波动与重要事件[J].中国科学(B辑),1992,(12):1300～1308.
[37] 王绍武,叶瑾琳,龚道溢中国小冰期的气候[J]第四纪研究,1998,1:54～64.
[38] 张兰生,方秀琦,任国玉,索秀芬我国北方农牧交错带的环境演变[J].地学前缘,1997,4(1～2):127～136.
[39] 张丕远,王铮,刘啸雷,张时煌.中国近2000年气候演变的阶段性[J].中国科学(B辑),1994,24(9):998～1008.
[40] 中国科学院贵阳地球化学所第四纪孢分组、14C组辽宁省南部一万年来自然环境的演变[J].中国科学,1977,6:603～614.
[41] 竺可桢中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究[J].地理学报,1973,28(2):168～189.
[42] 严文明.中国史前文化的统一性与多样性[J]文物,1987,(3):38～50.
[43] 安志敏.中国的史前农业[J].考古学报,1988,(4):369～381.
[44] 田广金.论内蒙古中南部史前考古[J].考古学报,1997,(2):121～145.
[45] 张忠培.齐家文化研究(上)[J].考古学报,1987a,(1):1～18.
[46] 张忠培.齐家文化研究(上)[J].考古学报,1987b,(2):153～175.
