Quantitative Study of the Relationship Between the Distribution of Cities and the Natural Environment Based on GIS and RS in China
Received date: 2011-05-25
Request revised date: 2011-09-17
Online published: 2012-06-20
Copyright
Using spatial analysis techniques, this paper quantitatively analyzes the relationship between the spatial distribution of 655 cities of China and the natural environmental factors including rivers, vegetation, relief degree of land surface (RDLS) and elevation using sotware such as ArcGIS10, ENVI4.5 and Visual FoxPro6.0. The results include the following several aspects. Firstly, the cities are strongly dependent on rivers and the dependence is getting stronger with the expansion of the cities. The cities’ sensitivity to rivers reduces as the distance from the cities to rivers increasing. Secondly, the number of cities is becoming larger with increasing vegetation rank generally. In other words, the better the vegetation condition is, the more the cities are distributed. The cities’ dependence on vegetation is strong and the dependence is getting stronger with the expansion of the cities. Thirdly, the number of cities is getting smaller with the increasing relief degree of land surface (RDLS) rank generally. That is to say, the bigger the value of relief degree of land surface (RDLS) is, the more the cities are distributed. Relief degree of land surface (RDLS) has a great impact on the distribution of cities and the impact is becoming stronger with the expansion of the cities. Fourthly, the number of cities is becoming smaller with increasing elevation rank generally. In other words, the number of distributed cities is getting smaller as the value of elevation increasing. Elevation has a great impact on the distribution of cities and the impact is getting stronger with the expansion of the cities. At last, the city development suitability was evaluated in different regions of China and the regions were pointed out which are suitable for city development. The regions consist of the Northeast Plain, the North China Plain, the Middle-lower Yangtze Plain, the Pearl River Delta and the Sichuan Basin. In terms of the natural environment, the small and medium-sized cities of high suitability regions have large development potential.
LIU Qin-ping , TIAN Hong-zhen , YANG Yong-chun . Quantitative Study of the Relationship Between the Distribution of Cities and the Natural Environment Based on GIS and RS in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012 , 32(6) : 686 -693 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.06.686
Table 1 Data and sources表1 数据及其来源 |
自然环境因素 | 数据来源 |
---|---|
河流 | 国家基础地理信息数据中心获得1、2、3级河流数据 |
植被 | 国际科学数据服务平台网站下载6月、7月、8月分辨率为1 km的NDVI数据 |
地形起伏度 | 国际科学数据服务平台网站下载分辨率为90 m的DEM数据计算得到 |
高程 | 国际科学数据服务平台网站下载分辨率为90 m的DEM数据 |
Table 2 Classification standards for cities and the number of cities in each rank表2 城市等级的划分标准及其各等级内城市数目 |
城市等级 | 划分标准 | 城市数目(个) |
---|---|---|
超大城市 | 城市非农人口在200万以上 | 24 |
特大城市 | 城市非农人口在100万和200万之间 | 35 |
大城市 | 城市非农人口在50万和100万之间 | 92 |
中等城市 | 城市非农人口在20万和50万之间 | 239 |
小城市 | 城市非农人口小于20万 | 265 |
Fig.1 Classification of the natural environmental factors图1 自然环境分级(a.一级河流缓冲区;b.二级河流缓冲区;c.三级河流缓冲区;d.植被指数;e.地形起伏度;f.高程) |
Table 3 The distribution of cities in each buffer of rivers表3 城市在各等级河流不同缓冲区内的分布情况 (个) |
城市等级 | 一级河流 | 二级河流 | 三级河流 | 其它 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~50 km | 50~100 km | 100~200 km | 0~50 km | 50~100 km | 100~200 km | 0~50 km | 50~100 km | 100~200 km | ||
超大城市 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
特大城市 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
大城市 | 30 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
中等城市 | 51 | 16 | 24 | 31 | 20 | 9 | 49 | 16 | 11 | 12 |
小城市 | 55 | 22 | 9 | 30 | 19 | 6 | 62 | 30 | 19 | 13 |
Table 4 The number of cities in buffers of rivers and the proportion of cities in each rank表4 城市在不同缓冲区内的分布数目(个)及其在各等级城市中的比例 |
城市等级 | 0~50 km | 50~100 km | 100~200 km | 0~100 km | 0~200 km | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数目 | 比例 | 数目 | 比例 | 数目 | 比例 | 数目 | 比例 | 数目 | 比例 | |
超大城市 | 17 | 71% | 4 | 17 % | 2 | 8% | 21 | 88% | 23 | 96% |
特大城市 | 22 | 63% | 5 | 14% | 6 | 17% | 27 | 77% | 33 | 94% |
大城市 | 58 | 63% | 19 | 21% | 13 | 14% | 77 | 84% | 90 | 98% |
中等城市 | 131 | 55% | 52 | 22% | 44 | 18% | 183 | 77% | 227 | 95% |
小城市 | 147 | 55% | 71 | 27% | 34 | 13% | 218 | 82% | 252 | 95% |
Fig.2 The distribution of cities in each rank of the natural environmental factors图2 城市在自然环境因素中的分布情况 |
Fig.3 The distribution of suitability of the natural environmental factors图3 自然环境因素适宜度的空间分布( a.河流缓冲区适宜度;b.植被适宜度;c.地形起伏度适宜度;d.高程适宜度) |
Fig.4 The comprehensive suitability of city development and the distribution of high and low grade cities图4 城市发展综合适宜度及高等级城市、低等级城市空间分布(a.城市发展综合适宜度;b.高等级、低等级城市空间分布) |
Table 5 The number of cities of high grade cities and the suitability of each rank of the natural environmental factors表5 自然环境因素各等级区域内高等级城市分布及其适宜度 |
植被 | 城市数目 | 适宜度 | 起伏度 (m) | 城市数目(个) | 适宜度 | 高程(m) | 城市 数目(个) | 适宜度 | 河流缓 冲区(km) | 城市数目 (个) | 适宜度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NDVI1 | 0 | 1 | 0~20 | 49 | 8 | <500 | 134 | 10 | 0~50 | 97 | 10 |
NDVI2 | 0 | 1 | 20~75 | 63 | 10 | 500~800 | 5 | 1 | 50~100 | 28 | 4 |
NDVI3 | 4 | 1 | 75~200 | 28 | 5 | 800~2000 | 11 | 2 | 100~200 | 21 | 3 |
NDVI4 | 25 | 3 | 200~600 | 11 | 3 | 2000~3000 | 1 | 1 | |||
NDVI5 | 112 | 10 | >600 | 0 | 1 | 3000~5500 | 0 | 1 | |||
NDVI6 | 10 | 2 | >5500 | 0 | 1 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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