Chemistry and Environmental Significance of Snow in Snow Pit of Glacier No.72, Mt.Tumur, Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia
Received date: 2011-06-02
Request revised date: 2011-08-11
Online published: 2012-05-20
Copyright
Snow chemistry and their environmental significance were studied by sampling a snow pit on July 2008 on Glacier No.72 in the Mt.Tumur region. Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) are the dominant cations. The concentration order of the cations is: Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>K+>NH4+. Ca2+ and Mg2+ reflected the long-distance natural land sources transmission. The concentration and seasonal distribution of Mg2+、Ca2+ and K+ in snow pit of the Glacier No.72 are affected by the input of dust aerosols from Sary Ishikortau desert, Muyunkum desert and Taklimakan desert. The ratio of C(Cl-)/C(Na+) is 1.02 and the non-marine source percent of Na+ is nearly 50%, it means half of the Cl- and Na+ are from sea salts. NO3- on Glacier No.72 was characterised by significant high concentration when compared with the mean value of glaciers in Tianshan region. Most air masses backward trajectories ending in December 2007 and February 2008 have passed the Taklimakan desert, while some even traveled across the industrial zone of the former Soviet Union, indicating that dust from the vast arid regions of central Asia is the dominant source for NO3- in Glacier No.72, while anthropogenic emissions are also an important source of NO3- from surrounding cities.
Key words: snow chemistry; Mt.Tumur region; Tianshan Mountains; source of ions
ZHANG Xiao-yu , LI Zhong-qin , WANG Fei-teng , WANG Sheng-jie . Chemistry and Environmental Significance of Snow in Snow Pit of Glacier No.72, Mt.Tumur, Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012 , 32(5) : 641 -648 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.05.641
Fig.1 The location of the study site of Qingbingtan Glacier No.72图1 青冰滩72号冰川的地理位置 |
Fig. 2 The sharing percentage of ions in snow pit of Qingbingtan Glacier No.72, and the comparison of the concentrations of the total ions in snow/ice in Polar Regions and High Asia图2 青冰滩72号冰川各种离子含量百分比和极地、高亚洲地区雪/冰内主要阴阳离子平均浓度比较 |
Fig.3 Backward trajectories arriving at the sampling site on Qingbingtan Glacier No.72图3 青冰滩72号冰川采样点后向空气轨迹 |
Table 1 Factor loading matrix for the elements in snow pit of Qingbingtan Glacier No.72表1 青冰滩72号冰川雪坑中各元素主成分分析 |
离子 | 成 份 | ||
---|---|---|---|
因子 1 | 因子 2 | 因子 3 | |
Cl- | -0.38 | 0.53 | 0.68 |
NO3- | -0.02 | -0.62 | 0.73 |
SO42- | -0.05 | -0.58 | 0.73 |
Na+ | -0.52 | 0.50 | 0.64 |
NH4+ | -0.29 | 0.05 | 0.68 |
K+ | 0.68 | 0.04 | 0.57 |
Mg2+ | 0.77 | 0.28 | 0.16 |
Ca2+ | 0.80 | 0.25 | 0.40 |
总体 (变率%) | 36.8 | 27.5 | 17.5 |
Fig. 4 The relationship of the snow stratigraphy, the Mg2+、K+、Ca2+ concentration, and the average size of insoluble micro-particles profiles in snow pit of Qingbingtan Glacier No.72图4 青冰滩72号冰川雪坑物理剖面、Mg2+、K+、Ca2+浓度及微粒平均粒径连续剖面对应情况 |
Fig. 5 Relationship between Cl- and Na+ concentration in the snow pit图5 雪坑中Cl-与Na+浓度的一元线性回归拟合情况 |
Table 2 Concentration (μeq/L) of major ions in snow/ice in Polar Regions and High Asia Regions表2 极地和高亚洲地区雪冰内主要离子的浓度比较 |
地 点 | 浓度(μeq/L) | 研究时期 (年) | 数据来源 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Na+ | NH4+ | K+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | NO3- | Cl- | SO42- | |||
Belukha冰川(阿尔泰山) | 0.6 | 8.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 4.0 | 1815~2001 | [3] |
Ngozumpa(喜马拉雅山) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1989~1990 | [21] | |||
各拉丹冬(青藏高原) | 1.4 | 7.8 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1988~1990 | [21] | |||
扎当冰川(念青唐古拉山) | 0.5 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 2006 | [16] |
奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川(天山) | 0.9 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2004 | [14] |
哈密庙儿沟平顶冰川(天山) | 3.8 | 4.2 | 0.5 | 8.0 | 23.1 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 2004 | [13] |
乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川(天山) | 4.2 | 8.1 | 0.8 | 7.8 | 33.9 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 8.6 | 2004 | TGS Data |
青冰滩72号冰川(天山) | 9.3 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 74.7 | 71.8 | 5.3 | 9.7 | 6.4 | 2008 | 本研究 |
Inilchek冰川(天山) | 11 | 7.4 | 1.6 | 5.9 | 46.9 | 3.3 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 1997~1998 | [15] |
Eclipse Icefield | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 2002 | [30] |
格陵兰 | 0.14 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 2002 | [18] |
*TGS data:乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川2004年7月雪坑数据。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
/
〈 | 〉 |