The Spatial Distribution Characteristics and the Basic Types of Rural Settlement in Loess Hilly Area: Taking Qin'an County of Gansu Province as a Case
Received date: 2012-02-06
Request revised date: 2012-07-19
Online published: 2013-01-20
Copyright
The rural population distribution depends on the rural settlement that is an important site for the working and living of rural people. It has very important significance to analyze on the spatial distribution characteristics and the law of spatial evolution of the rural settlement for optimizing the rural settlement spatial layout and promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside and the integration of urban and rural development. Taking Qin'an County of Gansu Province as a case, this article analyses the essential characteristic of spatial distribution of rural settlement based on GIS and statistical analysis technique. The results of the research show that: 1) the inside rural settlement of Qin'an County is dense and its spatial distribution is extremely scattered, which is formed after a long spatial diffusion process of the original settlement. With the increasing growth of population, the limited arable land fail to gradually meet the need for the life of settlement population in its effective farming radius, so people have been forced to spread gradually to possible living space; 2) the spatial distribution of rural settlement is closely related to its altitude, slopes, rivers and other natural geographical conditions, and the settlement patches present the normal distribution obviously along with the variations of elevation and slope, and the differences between the space distributions are significant; and 3) the complicated rural settlement types of Qin’an County are not only closely related and correspondence obviously to the spatial distribution characteristics. The rural settlements that large and medium-sized, agglomeration-typed, commodity economy and half-commodity economy are mainly distributed in the valley and flat areas, and while the small, diffuse, traditional agriculture and services output type are mainly distributed in loess hilly areas.
GUO Xiao-dong , MA Li-bang , ZHANG Qi-yuan . The Spatial Distribution Characteristics and the Basic Types of Rural Settlement in Loess Hilly Area: Taking Qin'an County of Gansu Province as a Case[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013 , 33(1) : 45 -51 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.01.45
Fig.1 Location of Qin’an County图1 秦安县区位示意 |
Fig. 2 The spatial distribution of rural settlements in Qin’an County in 2008图2 2008年秦安县乡村聚落空间分布 |
Fig. 3 The spatial density of rural settlements in Qin’an County in 2008图3 2008年秦安县乡村聚落空间分布密度 |
Table 1 The density and its disparity of rural settlements in Qin'an County表1 秦安县乡村聚落密度及其区内差异 |
聚落类型 | 面积(km2) | 自然村(个) | 户数(万户) | 人口(万人) | 村均户数 | 聚落密度(个/km2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
河谷 川区 | 秦川 | 11 | 40 | 0.44 | 1.89 | 109.7 | 2.63 |
阳兀川 | 9 | 27 | 0.31 | 1.58 | 115.9 | 2.39 | |
丘陵 山区 | 王铺 | 35 | 115 | 0.54 | 2.95 | 47.0 | 0.78 |
王窑 | 25 | 97 | 0.49 | 2.32 | 50.4 | 1.14 | |
好地 | 20 | 54 | 0.41 | 2.01 | 75 | 0.65 |
Fig. 4 The distribution of settlement plaques at different elevation and gradient in Qin’an ounty in 2008图4 2008年秦安县聚落斑块在不同高程与坡度上分布 |
Fig.5 The variation tendency of settlement patch quantity along with elevation图5 聚落斑块数量随海拔变化趋势 |
Fig.6 The variation tendency of settlement patch quantity along with gradient图6 聚落斑块数量随坡度的变化趋势 |
Table 2 The basic types and characteristic of rural settlement in Qin'an County表2 秦安县乡村聚落基本类型划分及其基本特征 |
划分依据 | 聚落类型 | 聚落特征 |
---|---|---|
聚落形态 | 集聚型 | 聚落住宅密度较高,一般分布在河谷阶地和丘陵山区地势相对平坦的地方;集聚型乡村聚落可分为单核心状与多核心状,分布于河谷阶地乡村聚落,其空间形态通常表现为条带状 |
分散型 | 分散型乡村聚落住宅分布分散,住宅密度较低,多因地形分隔、空间限制和耕地分散形成 | |
地形特征 | 河谷川道聚落 | 主要分布在葫芦河及其一级支流的阶地上,聚落规模和聚落密度较大,大多呈串珠状沿河谷方向延伸,交通方便 |
丘陵山区聚落 | 主要分布在丘陵山区的坪地、台地和黄土墚峁上,聚落住宅因地势变化而高低错落;由于空间限制,聚落规模一般较小,聚落密度也较低,交通及人畜饮水不便 | |
聚落规模 | 小型 | 人口规模一般介于200~400人之间,聚落户数介于40~75户之间,数量约占县域全部聚落的50% |
中型 | 人口规模介于400~900人之间,聚落户数介于75~150户之间,数量约占县域全部聚落的35% | |
大型 | 人口规模一般介于900~1400人之间,聚落户数介于150~280户之间,数量约占县域全部聚落的15% | |
经济特征 | 传统农业型 | 基本分布在黄土丘陵山区,退耕还林后人均耕地仍相对较多,传统农业种植业占据经济活动的绝对主体,经济结构单一,收入水平低 |
劳务输出型 | 主要分布在黄土丘陵山区,退耕还林面积大,人均耕地少,农村剩余劳动力多,外出打工人数占聚落总人口的比重高 | |
半商品经济型 | 人均耕地较少,水果、花椒等商品性农产品种植面积较大,占总收入的比重为40%~60% | |
商品经济型 | 主要分布在河谷川道地区,耕地全部种植蔬菜、水果、花椒等商品性农产品,农业生产结构已发生较大变化,聚落的商业服务功能(地膜、农药、农机配件、日用百货等)也较强 |
Fig.7 The clustering pedigree drawing of 17 towns in Qin'an County图7 秦安县17个乡镇经济发展水平聚类谱系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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