Spatial Accessibility of Scenic Spot at 4A Level and Above in China
Received date: 2012-02-18
Request revised date: 2012-07-23
Online published: 2012-11-20
Copyright
Transit route system is link between tourist destination and tourist market, so the good transit system will provide an important theoretical support for optimizing the distribution of scenic spots for planning-making. Scenic spot is a very important carrier of tourism activities. The study of the spatial structure of tourism is receiving increasing attention but methodology so far has used qualitative rather than quantitative methods. The criterion of A-grade scenic spot is a tourist ranking classifiable system in China, consisting of almost all the most popular and important tourist destinations in China. Based on an investigation on 1 063 tourist scenic spots with National AAAA grade (4A for short) and using GIS and some quantitative analysis methods, the spatial structure of scenic spots is investigated, with their characteristics and distribution for different strategies being discussed. Based on the matrix raster data, this article calculates the spatial accessibility of all counties in China using cost weighted distance method and ArcGIS as platforms. Then it discusses the spatial differences of county accessibility of scenic spots by ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis). The results show that general scenic spots exhibit an aggregated distribution. Considering the accessibility, it can be found that the human scenic spots are more centralized. The average accessibility is about 60.5 min, and the area where the accessibility of scenic spots within 120 min reaches 63.29%, while the area where the accessibility within 30 min accounts for 19.84% and the longest time needs 595 min which is located at central Tibetan Plateau. The values of the average accessibility of natural scenic spots and human scenic spots are 67.7 and 63.01 min, respectively. And then, the distribution of the accessibility coincides with traffic line. At county level, the estimated values of Moran’s I are all positive using the analysis of spatial association. All the test results indicate that scenic spots and adjacent areas show the strong positive correlation. The distribution of hot spots regarding the accessibility shows a obvious zonal distribution pattern of hot spots-sub-hotspots-sub-cold spots-cold spots from east to west, which the hot spots are in the eastern and southern China, Central Liaoning, Chengdu-Chongqing, Kunming-Guiyang and Hainan. Cold spots are distributed in the border zone of Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai Province.
Key words: spatial accessibility; scenic spots; spatial structure; GIS; China
PAN Jing-hu , CONG Yi-bo . Spatial Accessibility of Scenic Spot at 4A Level and Above in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012 , 32(11) : 1321 -1327 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.011.1321
Table 1 The time cost of m ain traffic lines in China表1 主要交通线路等级时间成本值 |
道路等级 | 铁路 | 高速公路 | 国道 | 省道 | 县道 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
速度(km/h) | 100 | 120 | 80 | 60 | 40 |
时间成本(min) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1 | 1.5 |
Fig.1 Spatial distribution of 4A and above level scenic spots图1 中国4A级及以上景点分布 |
Fig.2 Accessibility of different types of scenic spots图2 不同类型旅游景点资源的可达性 |
Fig.3 Temporal analysis of accessibility of scenic spots图3 旅游景点空间可达性时间分析 |
Fig.4 Accessibility grade of different types of scenic spots at the county level图4 不同类型旅游景点资源的县域单元可达性等级 |
Table 2 Moran’s I for holistic accessibility at the county level表2 县域单元整体可达性的Moran’s I估计值 |
分量 | 所有景点 | 自然景点 | 人文景点 |
---|---|---|---|
Moran′s I | 0.7170 | 0.7660 | 0.7080 |
P值 | -0.0004 | -0.0004 | -0.0004 |
Z值 | 9.4810 | 11.2080 | 8.7740 |
Fig.5 Hot spots of accessibility at the county level图5 旅游景点县域单元可达性热点区分布 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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