The Life Cycle of Export Processing Zones in the Coastal Metropolitan in China—A Case Study of Jinqiao Export Processing Zone, Shanghai
Received date: 2012-03-15
Request revised date: 2012-06-17
Online published: 2012-12-20
Copyright
Export processing zones are special areas established by developing countries or regions to promote economic development by providing favorable measures and barrier-free environment to attract foreign investment and develop export-oriented industries. With the regional economic development, the internal and external development environment of the export processing zone has changed, and the function and nature of the export processing zones have an unceasing evolution and change, and thus to explore the life cycle evolution law of the export processing zones has very important significance. This paper builds an analysis framework of life cycle evolution and industrial evolution of export processing zones based on Product life cycle theory and the corporate life cycle theory, and then analyzes the evolution characteristics and mechanisms of Jinqiao Export Processing Zone life-cycle in Shanghai, which located in the eastern coastal areas of China. The results show that, according to the evolution characteristics of the product structures and enterprise structures, the life cycle of the Jinqiao Export Processing Zone can be divided into three stages: processing-oriented stage, manufacturing-oriented stage and innovation-oriented stage, the increasing proportion of new products and agglomeration of MNCs headquarters and R&D institutions can be observed in the evolution of life cycle. The nature of Jinqiao Export Processing Zone life cycle is the continuous transition of the land-use types and the continuing upgrading of the industrial value chain, and this is the result of the two types factors: The first is push factors which are generated by the internal investment environment, such as the increasing of production costs and the investment threshold; The second is pull factors which are generated by the external investment environment, such as the international industrial transfer has changed to high-tech and services, enhancing competitiveness of Export Processing Zones in the Midwest China and industrial associated-action between local development zones. These all reflect that the evolution of Jinqiao Export Processing Zone life cycle is an investment-driven process, this is different with the market-driven evolution process of life cycle of the export processing zones which are close to the markets of developed countries in the world.
Key words: export processing zones; life cycle; industrial upgrading; evolution
CHENG Jin , ZENG Gang , ZHANG Yun-wei . The Life Cycle of Export Processing Zones in the Coastal Metropolitan in China—A Case Study of Jinqiao Export Processing Zone, Shanghai[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012 , 32(12) : 1417 -1423 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.012.1417
Fig.1 Life cycle of export processing zones图1 出口加工区生命周期 |
Fig.2 The distribution of Jinqiao EPZ图2 金桥出口加工区位置示意图 |
Table 1 Firms number of industrial sectors of Jinqiao EPZ表1 金桥出口加工区工业企业部门分布情况 |
排名 | 1993年 | 1998年 | 2005年 | 2009年 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产业部门 | 比重(%) | 产业部门 | 比重(%) | 产业部门 | 比重(%) | 产业部门 | 比重(%) | |
1 | 服装及纤维制品 | 9.7 | 电子及通信设备 | 19.0 | 电子及通信设备 | 16.6 | 电子及通信设备 | 15.2 |
2 | 化学原料及制品 | 9.7 | 电气机械及器材 | 9.9 | 通用设备制造 | 10.4 | 通用设备制造 | 12.4 |
3 | 普通机械制造业 | 8.3 | 服装及纤维制品 | 8.3 | 专用设备制造业 | 10.4 | 专用设备制造业 | 10.3 |
4 | 专用设备制造业 | 8.3 | 金属制品业 | 8.3 | 电气机械及器材 | 9.3 | 电气机械及器材 | 9.2 |
5 | 交通运输设备 | 8.3 | 仪器仪表 | 8.3 | 交通运输设备 | 6.6 | 交通运输设备 | 8.5 |
6 | 电气机械及器材 | 8.3 | 化学原料及制品 | 7.4 | 化学原料及制品 | 6.6 | 仪器仪表 | 7.4 |
7 | 纺织业 | 5.6 | 专用设备制造业 | 6.6 | 仪器仪表 | 6.2 | 化学原料及制品 | 6.7 |
8 | 医药制造业 | 5.6 | 饮料制造业 | 4.9 | 塑料制品业 | 5.8 | 塑料制品业 | 5.0 |
9 | 非金属矿物制品 | 5.6 | 普通机械制造业 | 4.1 | 医药制造业 | 5.0 | 医药制造业 | 4.2 |
10 | 金属制品业 | 5.6 | 医药制造业 | 3.3 | 金属制品业 | 4.3 | 金属制品业 | 4.2 |
合计 | 75 | 80.1 | 81.2 | 83.1 |
数据来源:参考文献[14]、《上海市开发区统计手册》①(① 上海市经济和信息化委员会,上海市统计局,上海市开发区协会.上海市开发区统计手册.2006,2010.)。 |
Fig.5 Model of Jinqiao EPZ life cycle图5 金桥出口加工区生命周期模型 |
Fig.6 Evolution mechanism of Jinqiao EPZ life cycle图6 金桥出口加工区生命周期演化机制 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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