Water Quality and Quantity Characteristics and Its Evolution in Lake Bosten, Xinjiang over the Past 50 Years
Received date: 2012-05-05
Request revised date: 2012-09-17
Online published: 2013-02-20
Copyright
With the analysis of lake water quality and quantity data from a systematic and scientific survey for Bosten Lake in August 2008, and combined with climate and hydrological data in the past 50 years, the characteristics of Bosten Lake evolution were studied. The result showed that the deepest point of Bosten Lake is 13.9 m with the volume of 43.44×108 m3 and the area of 928 km2. The lake evolution has temporal differences in the last 50 years, and it can be summarized into three periods. In the first period, about 1966 years ago, Bosten Lake was influenced by weak human activities with high water level above 1 048 m and low water salinity. In the second period of 1966-1996, the lake water level is low, and the water salinity is high. Especially in 1987, the lake level is the lowest with the highest salinity in the last 50 years. Subsequently, the lake water level increased with decreased water salinity significantly. In the fourth period from 1996 to 2005, the lake had the historic high water level, and the lake salinity decreased but not significantly, which caused by increased agricultural, urban and industrial water demand. In recent years, the lake level dropped rapidly with the lowest level in 2007. The water salinity also has shown a trend of increasing. The fish stocks and production were in a strong intervention of human activity. In addition, watershed urbanization and industrialization in relation to socio-economic development, have also led to water pollution and eutrophication of Bosten Lake, causing further deterioration of the lake’s water quality, which inferred that the lake faces new environmental pressures.
Key words: Lake Bosten; lake resources; human activity; climate change
WU Jing-lu , MA Long , ZENG Hai-ao . Water Quality and Quantity Characteristics and Its Evolution in Lake Bosten, Xinjiang over the Past 50 Years[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013 , 33(2) : 231 -237 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.02.231
Fig.1 The geographical location of Bosten Lake图1 博斯腾湖位置 |
Fig.2 Bathymetric map of Bosten Lake图2 博斯腾湖等深线 |
Fig.3 The relationships between water depth, surface size and volume of Lake Bosten图3 博斯腾湖水深-面积-容积曲线 |
Table 1 The eigenvalues of total dissolved solids, total hardness, alkalinity and pH in Bosten Lake表1 博斯腾湖矿化度、总硬度、碱度和pH |
水化学指标 | 最高值 | 最低值 | 平均值±标准偏差 |
---|---|---|---|
矿化度(g/L) | 1.82 | 1.18 | 1.48±0.11 |
总硬度 (mg/L) | 552.42 | 426.80 | 519.47±25.58 |
碱度(mg/L) | 206.84 | 158.49 | 193.39±10.75 |
pH | 8.75 | 8.51 | 8.65±0.06 |
Fig.4 Spatial distribution of total dissolved solids (a)and water pH value(b) in Lake Bosten图4 博斯腾湖矿化度(a)和pH(b)空间分布 |
Table 2 The eigenvalues of major ion concentration in Lake Bosten表2 博斯腾湖主要离子浓度特征值 |
特征值 | 阳离子(mg/L)/(meq/L) | 阴离子(mg/L)/(meq/L) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K+ | Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | HCO3- | CO32- | SO42- | Cl- | |
最高值 | 23.27 0.60 | 290.40 12.63 | 50.94 2.55 | 102.02 8.50 | 206.51 3.39 | 45.00 1.50 | 530.10 11.04 | 313.00 8.82 |
最低值 | 16.45 0.42 | 203.24 8.84 | 45.57 2.28 | 75.09 6.26 | 146.40 2.40 | 20.19 0.67 | 384.80 8.02 | 223.00 6.28 |
平均值 | 22.01 0.56 | 263.78 11.47 | 49.61 2.48 | 94.91 7.91 | 177.64 2.91 | 30.45 1.01 | 486.54 10.14 | 286.13 8.06 |
标准偏差 | 1.58 0.04 | 16.72 0.73 | 1.24 0.06 | 5.56 0.46 | 15.42 0.25 | 6.87 0.23 | 28.18 0.59 | 17.50 0.49 |
Fig.5 Ternary diagrams of major cations and anions in Bosten Lake图5 博斯腾湖主要阴离子和阳离子三角比例关系 |
Fig.6 The annual average temperature and annual precipitation and their 5-year running average in Yanqi and Kuerle meteorological stations图6 焉耆和库尔勒年均气温、年降水量及5年滑动平均曲线 |
Fig.7 Water-storage capacity and salinity of Bosten Lake compared with annual total precipitation of Yanqi, irrigation area and agricultural water demand( The data of water salinity derived from reference[17] and the data of irrigation area and agricultural water demand are from reference[15,16])图7 博斯腾湖水量、矿化度以及湖区降水与灌溉面积和灌溉耗水量变化(注:矿化度参照文献[17],灌溉面积和灌溉耗水量参照文献[15,16]。) |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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