Received date: 2011-07-22
Request revised date: 2011-12-25
Online published: 2012-10-20
Copyright
:Climatic characteristics of snowfall, snow days, snow belt north of 25°N in China is analyzed using the daily snow observation data. The following results have been obtained in the analysis.1) Snow season length and snow days have the feature of latitudinal distribution in the east, with the Da Hinggan Mountains recording the longest (>210 d) snow season, and no snow or only occasional snow all year round in the south of the Yangtze River. In the west, Qinghai Province has the longest (>300 d) snow season, followed by the junction areas of Yunnan, Sichuan and the Tibet. Snow season length in northern Xinjiang is close to the north of Northeast China. The least snowfall occurs in the southeast, and Northeast and northern Northwest record the higher snowfall more (>30 mm),and Qinghai and Tibet are characterized by the highest snowfall(>60 mm). Maximum snowfall intensity is in the Yangtze-Huaihe region. 2) Snow belts are divided based on snowfall frequency: the Northeast and eastern Inner Mongolia, Northern Xinjiang, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the Qinling Mountains are snow-frequent belts. Southern Yunnan, Sichuan Basin, coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang and other areas are permanent snow-free belts.The other areas are snow-ordinary belts and snow-occasional belts. 3) The percentage of snowstorm days to total snow days is generally low in all of the regions. The highest percentage is seen for light snow days to total snow days. In view of the ratio of snowfall of all categories to total snowfall, the proportion of snowstorm witnesses the lowest value, followed by heavy snow, and light snow has the highest value in the north of Northeast, North, Northwest, Xinjiang and eastern Tibet Plateau. However, Southeast China is characterized by lowest value of the ratios for light snow, and the highest value for snowstorm. 4) The double-peak distribution of snowfall within the year is seen in northern Northeast, Northwest, Xinjiang and eastern Tibet Plateau, and the Yellow-Huai River basins and Southeast have a single-peak distribution of snowfall. 5) The total snow days, heavy snow days, medium snow days and light snow days generally increase with increasing latitude in the East of China, meanwhile with increasing altitude in the West; with increasing latitude, the total snowfall intensity has a decreasing trend in both the East and the West, also the small snow intensity in the West.
Key words: snowfall; snow days; snowfall intensity; snowstorm; snow belts; climatology; mainland China
LIU Yu-lian , REN Guo-yu , YU Hong-min . Climatology of Snow in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012 , 32(10) : 1176 -1185 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.010.1176
Fig.1 Distribution of the meteorological stations and snowfall regionalization in study area图1 研究区站点分布及降雪气候分区 |
Table 1 Definition of the snowfall indices used in the paper表1 降雪指标定义 |
术语和指标 | 定义 |
---|---|
降雪年 | 从上年7月1日至当年6月30日 |
雪季长度 | 降雪年内第一天和最后一天出现固态降水天气现象日期之间的天数 |
降雪量 | 降雪年内日降雪≥1 mm纯雪的雪量合计 |
降雪日数 | 雪季内出现降雪的日数 |
降雪强度 | 降雪量与降雪日数比值 |
最大降雪量(最大降雪强度) | 雪季内日降雪量最大值 |
暴雪日数和雪量 | 雪季内日(24 h)降雪达到暴雪标准(≥10 mm)的降雪天数与降雪总量 |
暴雪强度 | 雪季内暴雪量与暴雪日数的比值 |
大雪日数和雪量 | 雪季内日(24 h)降雪量>5 mm且<10 mm的降雪天数和降雪总量 |
大雪强度 | 雪季内大雪降雪量与降雪日数的比值 |
中雪日数和雪量 | 雪季中日(24 h)降雪量>2.5 mm且<5 mm的降雪天数与降雪总量 |
中雪强度 | 雪季内中雪降雪量与降雪日数的比值 |
小雪日数和雪量 | 雪季中日(24 h)降雪量<2.5 mm的降雪天数和降雪总量 |
小雪强度 | 雪季内小雪降雪量与降雪日数的比值 |
Fig.2 Average snow season length (a), annual mean snowfall (b), annual mean snowfall days (c), annual mean snowfall intensity (d)图2 雪季长度(a)、降雪量(b)、雪季降雪日数(c)、降雪强度(d) |
Fig.3 Distribution of snowfall belts in China图3 中国降雪地带分布 |
Fig.4 The average snowstorm snowfall (a), snowstorm days (b), snowstorm intensity (c)图4 多年平均暴雪量(mm)(a) 、暴雪日数(d)(b)和暴雪强度(c) |
Fig.5 The average annual heavy snow snowfall (a), heavy snow days (b), heavy snow intensity (c)图5 多年平均大雪降雪量(a)、大雪日数(b)、大雪降雪强度(c) |
Fig.6 The percentage of snowfall days (a) and snowfall(b) of the 4 classes to total snowfall days and snowfall in different regions (1971-2000)图6 不同区域各级降雪日数(a)、降雪量(b)占总降雪日数、降雪量百分比(1971~2000年) |
Fig.7 The ten-day changes of average snow days and snowfall in different regions (1971-2000)图7 不同区域降雪日数和降雪量旬变化(1971~2000年) |
Fig.8 The ten-day changes of average snow days of categories in different regions (1971-2000)图8 不同区域各级平均降雪日数旬变化(1971~2000年) |
Fig.9 The ten-day changes of average snowfall of categories in different regions (1971-2000)图9 不同区域平均各级降雪量旬变化(1971~2000年) |
Table 2 Correlation coefficients of the snow days or snow intensity with latitude and altitude表2 降雪日数、降雪强度与纬度、海拔的相关系数 |
降雪日数 | 降雪强度 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总雪日 | 暴雪 | 大雪 | 中雪 | 小雪 | 总强度 | 暴雪 | 大雪 | 中雪 | 小雪 | |||
东部 | 纬度 | 0.749* | 0.014 | 0.358* | 0.611* | 0.754* | -0.611* | -0.196 | -0.272 | -0.242 | -0.197 | |
海拔 | 0.188 | 0.104 | 0.086 | 0.180 | 0.187 | -0.332 | -0.172 | -0.239 | -0.145 | -0.123 | ||
西部 | 纬度 | 0.094 | -0.163 | -0.065 | -0.013 | 0.114 | -0.495* | -0.112 | -0.067 | -0.195 | -0.35* | |
海拔 | 0.475* | 0.224 | 0.448* | 0.472* | 0.461* | 0.172 | 0.004 | 0.239 | -0.015 | 0.241 |
注:* 为通过0.05信度水平检验。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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