Experimental Study of Hydrological Processes in Rock Desertification Area of Northern Guangdong
Received date: 2012-06-18
Request revised date: 2013-01-12
Online published: 2013-04-20
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Some plots with different stages of rock desertification were selected in rocky desertification area of northern Guangdong to study the hydrological process of there through artificial simulation rainfall test. The results show that: the maximum ground surface vegetation interception of rainfall is decreasing with the deepening of rock desertification, and the maximum decreasing range appears in severely stage to very severely stage which is more than six times. Soil moisture capacity is turning from severely stage to very severely stage. The surface runoff appears same characters in moderately and severely rocky desertified land, but has obviously difference in slightly and very severely rocky desertified land. When rainfall intensity is 30-50 mm/h, the highest total runoff of runoff yield for 35 min is in moderately rocky desertified land. When rainfall intensity is 51~60 mm/h, the highest total runoff of runoff yield for 35 min is in very severely rocky desertified land. When rainfall intensity is 51~60 mm/h, the highest total runoff of runoff yield for 35 min is in severely rocky desertified land. After artificial simulation rainfall with 35 mm/h rainfall intensity in plots with different stages of rock desertification for 60 minutes, 0.6% to 2.71% rainwater is intercepted by vegetation and litter, 2% to 53.31% rainwater is absorbed by soil, 2.18% to 7.37% rainwater has transformed to surface runoff , 41.8%~93.41% rainwater has leaked and formed groundwater.
LU Guan-yao , LI Sen , WEI Xing-hu , LIANG Zhao-xiong , XIONG Yan , HUANG Jin-guo . Experimental Study of Hydrological Processes in Rock Desertification Area of Northern Guangdong[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013 , 33(4) : 481 -488 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.04.481
Table 1 The rainfall interception of vegetation and surface litter in different stages of rocky desertification表1 不同石漠化阶段植物与地表枯落物的降雨截留 |
石漠化阶段 | 地上植物平均质量(g/m2) | 地表植物最 大截留量 (g/m2) | 单位质量地表 植物最大截 留量(g/g) | 地表枯落物平均质量(g/m2) | 地表枯落物 最大截留量 (g/m2) | 单位质量枯落物最大截留量(g/g) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
降雨前 | 降雨饱和后 | 降雨前 | 降雨饱和后 | |||||
轻度 | 2455.18 | 3653.32 | 1198.14 | 0.56 | 1430.82 | 2130.53 | 699.71 | 0.71 |
中度 | 2189.56 | 3125.00 | 935.44 | 0.43 | 1775.58 | 2567.48 | 791.90 | 0.69 |
重度 | 1829.14 | 2657.65 | 828.51 | 0.34 | 715.52 | 1326.37 | 610.85 | 0.53 |
极重度 | 668.88 | 796.88 | 128.00 | 0.12 | 33.22 | 326.56 | 293.34 | 0.66 |
Table 2 The correlation analysis of vegetation characteristics and rainfall interception in different stages of rocky desertification表2 不同石漠化阶段植被特征-降雨截留量相关性分析 |
地表植物 最大截留量 (g/m2) | 单位质量地表 植物最大 截留量(g/g) | 地表枯落物 最大截留量 (g/m2) | 单位质量 枯落物最大 截留量(g/g) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
地上生物量 | 0.970* | 0.994** | 0.902 | 0.404 |
植被盖度 | 0.935 | 0.981* | 0.849 | 0.507 |
注:*,**分别表示通过信度0.05和0.01假设检验。 |
Fig.1 Variations of soil saturated capacity in different stages of rocky desertification图1 不同石漠化阶段土壤饱和持水量的变化 |
Table 3 Soil moisture capacity and characteristics in different stages of rocky desertification表3 不同石漠化阶段土壤持水量和土壤基本性质 |
石漠化 阶段 | 土层 深度 (cm) | 饱和持水量 (g/cm3) | 田间持水量 (g/cm3) | 有机质 (g/kg) | 容重 (g/cm3) | 土壤颗粒组成(g/kg) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>0.5 mm | 0.50~0.25 mm | 0.25~0.10 mm | 0.10~0.05 mm | 0.05~0.01 mm | 0.01~0.005 mm | <0.005 mm | ||||||
轻度 | 0~20 | 0.161 | 0.089 | 26.49 | 1.13 | 2.25 | 4.37 | 15.53 | 21.47 | 30.19 | 7.02 | 18.84 |
20~40 | 0.103 | 0.052 | 15.66 | 1.45 | 2.21 | 4.12 | 15.48 | 22.34 | 31.64 | 7.86 | 19.22 | |
>40 | 0.095 | 0.048 | 15.46 | 1.87 | 2.08 | 3.87 | 14.72 | 21.83 | 32.52 | 7.89 | 18.93 | |
中度 | 0~20 | 0.190 | 0.105 | 29.82 | 1.15 | 3.19 | 6.07 | 16.28 | 20.08 | 28.77 | 6.77 | 18.70 |
20~40 | 0.120 | 0.069 | 18.27 | 1.44 | 3.01 | 6.02 | 15.23 | 19.85 | 29.66 | 7.12 | 18.63 | |
>40 | 0.115 | 0.067 | 14.39 | 1.45 | 2.96 | 5.39 | 15.02 | 21.37 | 30.97 | 7.31 | 18.16 | |
重度 | 0~20 | 0.231 | 0.115 | 35.00 | 0.96 | 4.22 | 6.24 | 17.59 | 21.55 | 23.94 | 6.04 | 15.55 |
20~40 | 0.154 | 0.076 | 21.41 | 1.08 | 4.17 | 5.88 | 16.45 | 20.21 | 26.21 | 6.31 | 16.73 | |
极重度 | 0~20 | 0.150 | 0.100 | 12.76 | 1.52 | 23.43 | 17.26 | 19.94 | 11.81 | 10.98 | 1.31 | 1.04 |
Fig. 2 Relationship between soil moisture capacity and organic matter图2 土壤持水量与有机质含量关系 |
Fig.3 Relationship between soil moisture capacity and bulk density图3 土壤持水量与容重关系 |
Table 3 The correlation analysis of soil moisture capacity and soil particle表3 土壤持水量与土壤颗粒相关性分析 |
土壤颗粒组成(g/kg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>0.5 mm | 0.50~0.25 mm | 0.25~0.10 mm | 0.10~0.05 mm | 0.05~0.01 mm | 0.01~0.005 mm | <0.005 mm | |
饱和持水量(g/cm3) | 0.694 | 0.645 | 0.915** | -0.247 | -0.859** | -0.878** | -0.701 |
田间持水量(g/cm3) | 0.628 | 0.677 | 0.826* | -0.332 | -0.780* | -0.843** | -0.591 |
注:*,**分别表示通过信度0.05和0.01假设检验。 |
Fig.4 Changes of runoff intensity for 35 min on plots in different stages of rocky desertification图4 不同石漠化阶段样地产流后35 min径流时间内的径流强度变化 |
Fig.5 Comparison of runoff for 35 minutes on plots in different stages of rocky desertification图5 不同石漠化阶段样地产流后35 min径流时间内径流量 |
Table 4 The amount of “five water” for 60 minutes on plots in different stages of rocky desertification表4 不同阶段石漠化样地人工降雨60 min后“五水”量(L) |
“五水”转化量 | 轻度 | 中度 | 重度 | 极重度 |
---|---|---|---|---|
降雨水量 | 420.00 | 420.00 | 420.00 | 420.00 |
植被截留雨水量 | 11.39 | 10.36 | 8.64 | 2.53 |
土壤含雨水量 | 223.92 | 144.96 | 65.18 | 8.40 |
地表径流量 | 9.14 | 30.97 | 19.26 | 16.76 |
地下水量 | 175.55 | 233.70 | 326.93 | 392.31 |
Fig.6 Proportion of “five water” on plots in different stages of rocky desertification图6 不同石漠化阶段样地“五水”比例 |
Fig.7 Schematic diagram of the process of “five water” transformation in the rocky desertification land图7 石漠化土地“五水”转化过程示意图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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