On World Heritage Tentative Property “Silk Road-Maritime Route in China”
Received date: 2017-01-11
Request revised date: 2017-03-20
Online published: 2017-11-20
Supported by
National Nature Sciences Foundation of China (41671156)
Copyright
Maritime Silk Route is an important part of Silk Road. Maritime Silk Route in China has been applied officially for the World Heritage List in 2016, but there are few synthesis research output on such a topic. Therefore, this article proposes the first Chinese-English title of the application project, then analyses the international background of nomination for “Silk Road” World Heritage Project (besides Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor, a serial transnational World Heritage Property, there are other 9 tentative properties of “Silk Road” submitted by 8 countries) and the significance on application of “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China” (SRMRC) property. It provides some concrete suggestions for Heritage Sites included in the property: the number of Heritage Sites has been increased from 31 to 141 and the type of Heritage increased from one to two. In the end, the article proposes the idea for benefiting the management of the application: setting up a special foundation on “Silk Road: Maritime Route” World Heritage nomination in UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The nomination of SRMRC accords with the trend of protecting and governing the heritage along Silk Road, it bears many significances. 1) Initiative. During the nomination course of “Silk Road”, China had been in the passive position and without dominant right, which gain by other countries, nomination of SRMRC will help China to get rid of the passive situation and win the dominant right on the nomination of “Silk Road” in UNESCO. 2) Innovativeness. The main Heritage Site in the land “Silk Road” have been included in the World Heritage Project “Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor”, so SRMRC with the Heritage Site along the maritime route is the innovative activity for nomination. 3) Uniqueness. In the Tentative List, beside of “Chinese Section of Silk Road” and “The Chinese Section of Silk Roads”, there is no single property of Maritime Silk Road. It is true that SRMRC will be the unique property. 4) Equilibrium. Silk Road is the worldwide cultural heritage line that includes both land route and maritime route. Therefore, under the situation of having one land route property, nomination of maritime route property will be the balance between land and maritime as far as the series property of Silk Road. As to unbalance situation between land sites and maritime sites, nomination of SRMRC will be the contribution and accord with the Global Strategy for a representative, balanced and credible World Heritage List. 5) Political significance. Within the international communication in the 21st century, “Belt & Road” is the peaceful initiative for the world that proposed by the Chairman Xi Jinping, on behalf of Chinese Government, nomination of SRMRC is the historical explanation under the World Heritage perspective, with an important realistic meaning. 6) Global scope. Within the Tentative List, besides of “Silk Road” properties nominated by eight countries, there are another 15 cultural heritage line properties from Europe, Africa, Mid-east, Asia and America etc. But all of them don’t stand up to the global cultural heritage line “Silk Road”, which includes the maritime route that the others not possess. That is why “Silk Road” has been accepted by UNESCO as the series property that get the representative of global economic & cultural exchange and dialogue.
Que Weimin . On World Heritage Tentative Property “Silk Road-Maritime Route in China”[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017 , 37(11) : 1678 -1688 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.11.009
Table 1 “Silk Road” projects in 2016 World Heritage Tentative List表 1 2016《世界遗产预备名录》中的“丝绸之路”项目 |
递交时间 (年-月-日) | 国家 | 项目名称 | 序号 | 字数/页数 | 遗产地数 | 经纬度 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
陆路 | 海路 | ||||||
2008-02-05 | 伊朗 | Silk Route (Also as Silk Road) 丝绸之路 | 5268 | 365/1 | 未列 | 未列 | 无 |
2008-03-28 | 中国 | Chinese Section of the Silk Road丝绸之路中国段 | 5335 | 3178/6 | 44 | 2 | 有 |
2010-01-20 | 印度 | Silk Road Sites in India印度的丝绸之路遗址 | 5492 | 9879/6 | 12 | 0 | 有 |
2010-02-19 | 吉尔吉斯斯坦 | Silk Roads Sites in Kyrgyzstan吉尔吉斯斯坦的丝绸之路遗址 | 5518 | 7995/12 | 6 | 0 | 有 |
2010-02-19 | 乌兹别克斯坦 | Silk Roads Sites in Uzbekistan乌兹别克斯坦的丝绸之路遗址 | 5500 | 12912/16 | 18 | 0 | 有 |
2010-03-01 | 土库曼斯坦 | Silk Roads Sites in Turkmenistan土库曼斯坦的丝绸之路遗址 | 5521 | 4316/9 | 29 | 0 | 有 |
2012-05-03 | 哈萨克斯坦 | Silk Road丝绸之路 | 5754 | 30357/47 | 31 | 0 | 无 |
2013-01-15 | 塔吉克斯坦 | Silk Roads Sites in Tajikistan塔吉克斯坦的丝绸之路遗址 | 5790 | 3637/6 | 8 | 0 | 有 |
2016-02-22 | 中国 | The Chinese Section of the Silk Roads丝绸之路中国段 | 6093 | 2104/5 | 32 | 31 | 有 |
Table 2 Heritage Site along “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China” (Cultural relics in tentative list “The Chinese section of the Silk Road”)[30]表2 “丝绸之路-海路-中国段”沿线遗产点(预备名录“丝绸之路中国段”已有的文物遗址)[30] |
名称 | 行政区位 | 文物类别 | 文物遗产 | 历史朝代 | 基本分类 (参见正文4.1) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
省 | 市(地级 以上) | 县 (市区) | 古遗址 | 古墓葬 | 古建筑 | 石刻 | 国保 批次 | 省 保 | 唐 | 五代 | 北宋 | 南宋 | 元 | 明 | 清 | 民国 | ||
龙江船厂遗址* | 苏 | 南京市 | 鼓楼区 | ● | 6 | ● | 1)-① | |||||||||||
浡泥国王墓* | 雨花台区 | ● | 5 | ● | 1)-④ | |||||||||||||
保国寺 | 浙 | 宁波市 | 江北区 | ● | 1 | ● | 3) | |||||||||||
永丰库遗址 | 海署区 | ● | 6 | ● | 1)-② | |||||||||||||
阿育王寺 | 鄞州区 | ● | 6 | ● | ● | ● | 3) | |||||||||||
天童寺 | ● | 6 | ● | ● | 3) | |||||||||||||
妈祖庙 | 闽 | 莆田市 | 秀屿区 | ● | 6 | ● | 3) | |||||||||||
贤良港天后宫 | ● | 7 | ● | (3) | ||||||||||||||
屈斗宫德化窑 | 泉州市 | 南安市 | ● | 6 | ● | ● | ● | ● | (1)-② | |||||||||
九日山摩崖石刻 | ● | 3 | ● | ● | 3) | |||||||||||||
洛阳桥 | 洛江区 | ● | 3 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1)-① | ||||||||||
清净寺 | 鲤城区 | ● | 1 | ● | ● | 3) | ||||||||||||
开元寺 | ● | 2 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 3) | ||||||||||
伊斯兰教圣墓 | 丰泽区 | ● | 3 | ● | 1)-① | |||||||||||||
天后庙和德济门遗址 | ● | 6 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 3) | |||||||||||
磁灶窑址 | 晋江市 | ● | 6 | ● | ● | ● | 1)-② | |||||||||||
草庵石刻 | ● | 4 | ● | 3) | ||||||||||||||
六胜塔 | 石狮市 | ● | 6 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 3) | ||||||||||
南胜窑址* | 漳州市 | 平和县 | ● | 6 | ● | ● | 1)-② | |||||||||||
光孝寺 | 粤 | 广州市 | 越秀区 | ● | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 3) | |||||||
怀圣寺光塔 | ● | 4 | ● | 3) | ||||||||||||||
清真先贤古墓 | ● | 7 | ● | 1)-④ | ||||||||||||||
南海神庙与码头遗址 | 黄埔区 | ● | 7 | ● | ● | ● | 1)-① | |||||||||||
郑和墓* | 苏 | 南京市 | 江宁区 | ● | 省 | ● | 1)-④ | |||||||||||
洪保墓* | ● | 省 | ● | 1)-④ | ||||||||||||||
土坑村海市 | 闽 | 泉州市 | 泉港区 | ● | 省 | ● | 1)-③ | |||||||||||
真武殿 | 丰泽区 | ● | 省 | ● | 3) | |||||||||||||
万寿塔 | 石狮市 | ● | 省 | ● | 3) | |||||||||||||
月港 | 漳州市 | 龙海市 | ● | 省 | ● | ● | 1)-① | |||||||||||
上川岛 | 粤 | 江门市 | 台山市 | ● | 省 | ● | ● | 1)-① | ||||||||||
南海I号沉船遗址 | 阳江市 | 江城区 | ● | 省 | ● | 2) | ||||||||||||
11 | 5 | 13 | 2 | 23 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 17 | 9 | 1 |
*为不在沿海县级行政区内的遗产地;● 为对应的遗产类别与历史朝代。全文同。 |
Table 3 Heritage sites along “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China” (Supplement cultural relics)[31]表3 “丝绸之路-海路-中国段”沿线遗产点(拟增补文物遗址)[31] |
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Table 4 Heritage sites along “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China”(Supplement historic towns in China)[32]表4 “丝绸之路-海路-中国段”沿线遗产点(拟增中国历史文化名镇)[32] |
名称 | 行政区位 | 聚落起始朝代 | 市镇繁荣 朝代 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
省、直辖市 | 市(地级以上) | 县(市、区) | 秦以前 | 秦 | 汉 | 晋 | 隋 | 唐 | 五代 | 北宋 | 南宋 | 元 | 明 | ||
安丰镇 | 苏 | 盐城市 | 东台市 | ● | 宋 | ||||||||||
富安镇 | ● | 宋 | |||||||||||||
栟茶镇 | 南通市 | 如东县 | ● | 宋 | |||||||||||
余东镇 | 海门市 | ● | 宋 | ||||||||||||
凤凰镇 | 苏州市 | 张家港市 | ● | 南朝 | |||||||||||
沙溪镇 | 太仓市 | ● | 明 | ||||||||||||
沙家浜镇 | 常熟市 | ● | 南宋 | ||||||||||||
高桥镇 | 沪 | 浦东新区 | ● | 南宋 | |||||||||||
川沙新镇 | ● | 清 | |||||||||||||
新场镇 | 南汇区 | ● | 宋 | ||||||||||||
枫泾镇 | 金山区 | ● | 唐宋 | ||||||||||||
张堰镇 | ● | 晋 | |||||||||||||
盐官镇 | 浙 | 嘉兴市 | 海宁市 | ● | 唐 | ||||||||||
东沙镇 | 舟山市 | 岱山县 | ● | 宋 | |||||||||||
慈城镇 | 宁波市 | 江北区 | ● | 唐 | |||||||||||
前童镇 | 宁海县 | ● | 南宋 | ||||||||||||
石浦镇 | 象山县 | ● | 明 | ||||||||||||
霍童镇 | 闽 | 宁德市 | 蕉城区 | ● | 唐 | ||||||||||
石龙镇 | 粤 | 东莞市 | ● | 明 | |||||||||||
西樵镇 | 佛山市 | 南海区 | ● | 唐 | |||||||||||
沙湾镇 | 广州市 | 番禺区 | ● | 明 | |||||||||||
碣石镇 | 汕尾市 | 陆丰市 | ● | 宋 | |||||||||||
秋长镇 | 惠州市 | 惠阳区 | ● | 清 | |||||||||||
黄圃镇 | 中山市 | ● | 南宋 | ||||||||||||
唐家湾镇 | 珠海市 | 香洲区 | ● | 宋 | |||||||||||
斗门镇 | 斗门区 | ● | 宋 | ||||||||||||
吴阳镇 | 湛江市 | 吴川市 | ● | 唐 | |||||||||||
铺前镇 | 琼 | 文昌市(省直辖) | ● | 明 | |||||||||||
定城镇 | 定安县(省直辖) | ● | 明 | ||||||||||||
中和镇 | 儋州市 | ● | 明 | ||||||||||||
崖城镇 | 三亚市 | 崖州区 | ● | 明 | |||||||||||
3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Table 5 Heritage sites along “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China”(Supplement historic villages in China)[32]表5 “丝绸之路-海路-中国段”沿线遗产点(拟增中国历史文化名村)[32] |
名称 | 行政区位 | 始建朝代 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
省 | 市(地级以上) | 县(市区) | 镇 | 唐以前 | 唐 | 北宋 | 南宋 | 元 | 明 | 清 | |
雄崖所村 | 鲁 | 青岛市 | 即墨市 | 丰城镇 | ● | ||||||
余西村 | 苏 | 南通市 | 通州区 | 二甲镇 | ● | ||||||
龙宫村 | 浙 | 宁波市 | 宁海县 | 深甽镇 | ● | ||||||
许家山村 | 茶院乡 | ● | |||||||||
碗窑村 | 温州市 | 苍南县 | 桥墩镇 | ● | |||||||
福德湾村 | 矾山镇 | ● | |||||||||
仙蒲村 | 闽 | 宁德市 | 福鼎市 | 磻溪镇 | ● | ||||||
廉村 | 福安市 | 溪潭镇 | ● | ||||||||
半月里村 | 霞浦县 | 溪南镇 | ● | ||||||||
闽安村 | 福州市 | 马尾区 | 亭江镇 | ● | |||||||
琴江村 | 长乐市 | 航城街道 | ● | ||||||||
济川村 | 莆田市 | 仙游县 | 石苍乡 | ● | |||||||
土坑村 | 泉州市 | 泉港区 | 后龙镇 | ● | |||||||
福全村 | 晋江市 | 金井镇 | ● | ||||||||
埭尾村 | 漳州市 | 龙海市 | 东园镇 | ● | |||||||
前美村 | 粤 | 汕头市 | 澄海区 | 隆都镇 | ● | ||||||
石寨村 | 汕尾市 | 陆丰市 | 大安镇 | ● | |||||||
鹏城村 | 深圳市 | 龙岗区 | 大鹏镇 | 汉 | |||||||
塘尾村 | 东莞市 | 石排镇 | ● | ||||||||
南社村 | 茶山镇 | ● | |||||||||
大岭村 | 广州市 | 番禺区 | 石楼镇 | ● | |||||||
松塘村 | 佛山市 | 南海区 | 西樵镇 | ● | |||||||
碧江村 | 顺德区 | 北滘镇 | ● | ||||||||
翠亨村 | 中山市 | 南朗镇 | ● | ||||||||
浮石村 | 江门市 | 台山市 | 斗山镇 | ● | |||||||
苏二村 | 湛江市 | 遂溪县 | 建新镇 | ● | |||||||
高林村 | 琼 | (直辖) | 定安县(省直辖) | 龙湖镇 | ● | ||||||
十八行村 | 文昌市(省直辖) | 会文镇 | ● | ||||||||
保平村 | 三亚市 | 崖州区 | 崖城镇 | ● | |||||||
1 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 5 |
Table 6 Heritage sites along “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China”(Supplement historic blocks in China)[33]表6 “丝绸之路-海路-中国段”沿线遗产点(拟增中国历史文化街区)[33] |
名称 | 行政区位 | 地理坐标 | 批次 | 序号 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
省 | 市(地级以上) | 城区 | 经度(°)E | 纬度(°)N | |||
外滩 | 沪 | 上海市 | 黄浦区 | 121.497854 | 31.240722 | 第一批 | 7 |
三坊七巷 | 闽 | 福州市 | 鼓楼区 | 119.30307 | 26.089159 | 第一批 | 18 |
中山路 | 泉州市 | 鲤城区 | 118.595003 | 24.901001 | 第一批 | 19 | |
鼓浪屿 | 厦门市 | 思明区 | 118.078225 | 24.450081 | 第一批 | 20 | |
台湾路-香港路 | 漳州市 | 龙文区 | 117.65873 | 24.511422 | 第一批 | 21 |
Fig. 1 Heirtage Sites in “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China”: Heri-tage sites tenntative property “The Chinese sectios of the Silk Road”图1 “丝绸之中-海路-中国段”遗产点——“丝绸之路中国段”预备项目遗产点 |
Fig.2 Added heirtage sites in “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China”: National key cultural relics protection units图2 “丝绸之中-海路-中国段”拟增遗产点——全国重点文物保护单位 |
Fig.3 Added heirtage sites in “Silk Road: Maritime Route in China”: National historic towns, villages and blocks图3 “丝绸之中-海路-中国段”拟增遗产点——全国历史文化名镇、名村、街区 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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