Vulnerability, Quality and Interaction Mechanisms of Water Resource Responding to the Heterogeneity of Urban Space in the Developed Region: A Case from Ningbo City
Received date: 2019-05-21
Request revised date: 2019-08-13
Online published: 2020-08-18
Supported by
National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1100101)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401187)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601169)
Copyright
With development of urban society and economy, increasing emissions of water pollutants have led to water environment deterioration and restricted city’s sustainable development. In this paper, Ningbo city was selected to evaluate water environmental effects by two aspects on water environmental sensitivity and present water quality. With the differences on the population agglomeration level, type of industry development, water pollution treatment capacity, and the index of water environment effects are decreasing from the city center to the periphery. The method of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) is used to explore the spatial heterogeneity of evaluation units. The geographical weighted regression (GWR) indicated the quantitative analyses on the influence mechanism of water environment effects. Among influencing factors, economic development level was the predominant drivers of urban water environment change. At the meanwhile, industrial development and population agglomeration have been identified as direct causes of water environment pressure. They have significant positive impacts on water environmental effects. Spatial layout and dominant industry types of industrial parks had greater impacts on water environment effects than the other factors, and this presented issues that needed special attention for control water environmental pollution in future. By regulating the industry access threshold and spatial distribution of different development types, the ecological function zoning can effectively prevent negative effects of industry development on urban water environments. The present work can provide scientific basis for deciphering coordinated effects between water environmental protection and urban economic sustainable development, and can promote the improvement of water environment quality.
Key words: urban space; water environment effects; influence mechanism; Ningbo city
Yang Qingke , Duan Xuejun , Wang Lei , Li Pingxing . Vulnerability, Quality and Interaction Mechanisms of Water Resource Responding to the Heterogeneity of Urban Space in the Developed Region: A Case from Ningbo City[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020 , 40(5) : 776 -785 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.05.012
表1 影响机理指标与说明Table 1 Indicators definition of influence mechanism |
因素名称 | 指标选取 | 指标说明与测算方法 | 作用方向 |
---|---|---|---|
经济发展水平 | 人均GDP | 经济发展水平对水环境的胁迫具有基础作用,污染密集型产业扩张、产业发展方向与人口空间集聚共同影响水环境质量,用人均GDP表示 | + |
产业发展类型 | 产业发展压力 | 不同产业结构尤其是传统污染型的重化工业发展会对水环境与城市清会产生影响,用重化工行业产值占工业总产值比重来表示 | + |
人口空间集聚 | 人口密度 | 对水环境的影响体现在:一是人口总量增加导致生活用水与污水排放增加;二是人口过度集中占用大量生态绿地,破坏了原来的水环境调节系统,用乡镇评价单元内人口密度表示 | - |
环境治理力度 | 环境保护投资 | 政府调控是控制城市发展与空间扩展产生水环境外部负效应的重要手段,有效控制水环境污染与污染扩散,用环保投资额表征政府环境治理的强度 | - |
土地开发强度 | 建设用地比重 | 建设用地增加城市的不透水面,改变原有的径流、水网体系,降低水环境的承载能力,产生负向水环境效应,用建设用地面积占乡镇单元比重表示 | + |
区域开发政策 | 生态环境功能分区 | 根据宁波市区生态环境功能分区图,将城市空间划分为优化、重点、限制、禁止等四种准入区,每种类型区对产业准入、城市开发强度与人口集聚的要求不同。建立虚拟变量,按对水环境胁迫程度依次赋为3、2、1、0 | - |
注:+ 指正向作用;-指逆向作用。 |
表2 宁波市地理加权回归模型估计结果Table 2 Estimation results of GWR model in Ningbo city |
影响因素 | 回归系数 | 诊断指标 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
范围 | 均值 | |||
经济发展水平 | -0.1149~0.3620 | 0.0078 | Residual Squares(残差平方和) | 0.1427 |
产业发展类型 | -0.6304~0.3283 | -0.0845 | ||
人口空间集聚 | -0.7568~0.3748 | 0.0964 | AICc(修正的 Akaike信息准则) | 52.7340 |
环境治理力度 | -0.6728~0.5529 | -0.1108 | ||
土地开发强度 | -0.8215~0.8263 | 0.0020 | Adjusted (调整) | 0.6827 |
区域开发政策 | -1.2271~0.7599 | -0.0013 |
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