The Northeast China Phenomenon” and Prejudgment on Economic Revitalization in Northeast China: A Primary Research on Stable Factors to Impact National Spatial Development and Protection Pattern
Received date: 2016-08-31
Request revised date: 2016-09-12
Online published: 2020-09-07
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630644)
Copyright
From the recent “The Northeast China Phenomenon”, three stable factors have been put forward that influence the optimization of protection and development of territorial space: resources and environment carrying capacity, geopolitical relations, regional culture and mechanism. The analysis on the three stable factors in the Northeast China respectively shows that the background of resources and environment carrying capacity in Northeast China is strong, but the efficiency of development and utilization is poor. The distinct manifestations are that the area of optimized region and prioritized region is small, the efficiency of restricted zones is poor, and the overload early-warning of resources and environment carrying capacity is low. Northeast China is located in the core of the Northeast Asian region, one of three economic circles. Its geopolitical advantages are prominent, but it fails to convert economic advantages. The distinct manifestations are the proportion of export-oriented economy is too small, and without prominent position in the trades with Japan and Public of Korea. Regional culture and mechanism have become the core obstacles to the development of Northeast China. The distinct manifestations are irrational industrial structure, the high proportion of state-owned economy. Combing with the problems of Northeast China revitalization, this article takes “innovation, coordination, green, open and sharing” development concept as guidelines, and then prejudge some core problems in Northeast China. The suggestions are: 1) Improving technology innovation ability to solve transformation of development driving force; 2) Innovating the mode of the stated-owned enterprises reform and promoting coordinated development of various ownership economy; 3) Centering on strategy of “one belt one road initiative” to implement the open economy transformation and vacating domestic market to promote the advantage industry in Northeast China, and continuing to maintain the vigor; 4) Eliminating urban poverty and increasing people's livelihood in Northeast China based on sharing concept; 5) Adopting the principle of the unity of economic, social and ecological balance to realize the main function in Northeast China.
Fan Jie , Liu Hanchu , Wang Yafei , Zhao Yannan , Chen Dong . The Northeast China Phenomenon” and Prejudgment on Economic Revitalization in Northeast China: A Primary Research on Stable Factors to Impact National Spatial Development and Protection Pattern[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016 , 36(10) : 1445 -1456 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.10.001
Fig.1 The changes of per capita GDP in different regions of China图1 1980~2014年“四大板块”人均GDP变化 |
Fig.2 The gap of average GDP growth rate in different provinces between “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”and “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period图2 “十一五”与“十二五”各省份平均GDP增长率的差距 |
Fig.3 The GDP percent change of different provinces in 2010-2015图3 2010~2015年各省份GDP占全国比重变化 |
Table 1 The comparison of economic growth rate in different regions (unit:%)表1 “四大板块”经济增长速度比较(单位:%) |
十一五期间 | 2011年 | 2012年 | 2013年 | 2014年 | 2015年 | 十二五期间 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东部地区 | 12.5 | 10.5 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
中部地区 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 10.2 |
西部地区 | 13.6 | 14.1 | 12.5 | 10.7 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 11.0 |
东北地区 | 13.4 | 12.6 | 10.2 | 8.4 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 8.3 |
注:以2005年为基期的可比价。 |
Table 2 Different functional areas in Northeast China表2 东北地区不同功能区的情况比较 |
土地面积 | 常住人口 | GDP | 人均GDP | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量(万km2) | 百分比(%) | 数量(百万) | 百分比(%) | 数量(亿元) | 百分比(%) | 数量(元) | |||||
优化开发区 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 16.9 | 15.5 | 12007.9 | 27.5 | 71010.6 | ||||
重点开发区 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 39.9 | 36.5 | 18809.9 | 43.0 | 47190.0 | ||||
限制开发区 | 农产品主产区 | 27.7 | 35.8 | 34.6 | 31.7 | 8495.4 | 19.4 | 24532.0 | |||
重点生态功能区 | 38.6 | 49.9 | 17.8 | 16.3 | 4425.0 | 10.1 | 24803.5 | ||||
合计 | 77.3 | 100.0 | 109.2 | 100.0 | 43738.2 | 100.0 | 40042.3 |
Table 3 The proportion of region trade with Japan, Republic of Korea and Russia in that of whole China表3 东北地区与日韩俄外贸总额占全国比重(%) |
年份 | 日本 | 韩国 | 俄罗斯 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
辽宁 | 2000 | 8.71 | 7.19 | 2.96 |
2014 | 4.76 | 3.29 | 2.55 | |
吉林 | 2000 | 0.49 | 1.25 | 0.94 |
2014 | 0.98 | 0.25 | 0.61 | |
黑龙江 | 2000 | 0.34 | 0.96 | 17.14 |
2014 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 23.47 | |
东北地区 | 2000 | 9.54 | 9.39 | 21.04 |
2014 | 5.88 | 3.69 | 26.63 |
Fig.4 The proportion of population, GDP and foreign trade export of Northeast China in China图4 东北三省人口、GDP、外贸出口占全国的比重 |
Table 4 The proportion of industrial structure in Northeast China in 2014表4 东北地区产业结构比重(2014年) |
辽宁 | 吉林 | 黑龙江 | 东北 | 全国 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
第一产业比重(%) | 7.99 | 11.04 | 17.36 | 11.17 | 9.06 |
第二产业比重(%) | 50.25 | 52.79 | 36.87 | 47.36 | 43.10 |
第三产业比重(%) | 41.77 | 36.17 | 45.77 | 41.47 | 47.84 |
Table 5 The share of industrial sales output value of state controlling enterprises in GDP表5 国有控股企业工业销售产值占GDP比重(%) |
2005年 | 2010年 | 2014年 | |
---|---|---|---|
辽宁省 | 71.62 | 60.05 | 43.50 |
吉林省 | 69.59 | 65.50 | 59.57 |
黑龙江省 | 63.92 | 52.15 | 41.25 |
东北地区 | 68.72 | 59.12 | 46.77 |
全国 | 41.72 | 42.01 | 35.72 |
Fig.5 Changes of industrial structure in Northeast China图5 东北地区产业结构变化情况 |
Table 6 The city GDP ranking changes of different cities in three Chinese urban agglomeration area and Northeast China表6 东北地区与中国三大城市群区域内部城市GDP排名变化 |
东北地区 | 京津冀地区 | 长三角地区 | 珠三角地区 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
名次 | 1990年 | 2000年 | 2013年 | 名次 | 1990年 | 2000年 | 2013年 | 名次 | 1990年 | 2000年 | 2013年 | 名次 | 1990年 | 2000年 | 2013年 | |||
1 | 沈阳 | 沈阳 | 大连 | 1 | 北京 | 北京 | 北京 | 1 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 1 | 广州 | 广州 | 广州 | |||
2 | 大连 | 大连 | 沈阳 | 2 | 天津 | 天津 | 天津 | 2 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 2 | 深圳 | 深圳 | 深圳 | |||
3 | 大庆 | 大庆 | 哈尔滨 | 3 | 唐山 | 石家庄 | 唐山 | 3 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 3 | 佛山 | 佛山 | 佛山 | |||
4 | 哈尔滨 | 哈尔滨 | 长春 | 4 | 石家庄 | 唐山 | 石家庄 | 4 | 南京 | 无锡 | 无锡 | 4 | 汕头 | 江门 | 东莞 | |||
5 | 长春 | 长春 | 大庆 | 5 | 廊坊 | 保定 | 沧州 | 5 | 无锡 | 宁波 | 南京 | 5 | 湛江 | 茂名 | 惠州 | |||
6 | 鞍山 | 鞍山 | 鞍山 | 6 | 邯郸 | 邯郸 | 邯郸 | 6 | 扬州 | 南京 | 宁波 | 6 | 江门 | 东莞 | 中山 | |||
7 | 吉林 | 吉林 | 吉林 | 7 | 秦皇岛 | 沧州 | 保定 | 7 | 宁波 | 温州 | 南通 | 7 | 肇庆 | 汕头 | 茂名 | |||
8 | 齐齐哈尔 | 绥化 | 松原 | 8 | 保定 | 邢台 | 廊坊 | 8 | 南通 | 绍兴 | 徐州 | 8 | 茂名 | 惠州 | 湛江 |
Fig.6 The guidelines for Northeast China development goals under stable factors and five development concept图6 稳定因素和五大发展理念对东北区域发展目标的指引 |
Table 7 Science and technology innovation level in Northeast China in 2013表 7 2013年东北地区科技创新水平比较 |
人均GDP (元) | 人均R&D 支出(元) | 人均财政科技 拨款(元) | 万人平均R&D人员 全时当量(人/年) | 国内专利申请受 理量(项/10万人) | 人均技术市场 成交额(元) | 人均高技术产业 总产值(元) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
辽宁 | 61989.1 | 1015.8 | 27.1 | 94885 | 10.5 | 394.9 | 5255.8 |
吉林 | 47424.2 | 435.1 | 13.5 | 48008 | 3.9 | 126.2 | 4579.6 |
黑龙江 | 37692.1 | 429.7 | 10.1 | 62660 | 8.4 | 265.4 | 1184.2 |
东北地区 | 49849.2 | 665.5 | 17.7 | 71876 | 8.1 | 282.3 | 3663.7 |
全国 | 46809.6 | 874.2 | 20.0 | 165620 | 16.3 | 525.3 | 7864.2 |
Table 8 The incomings and outgoings of urban households in typical resource-exhausted cities in Northeast China表 8 东北三省典型资源枯竭型城市城镇居民家庭收支情况(元) |
辽宁省 | 吉林省 | 黑龙江省 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全省 | 抚顺 | 本溪 | 阜新 | 全省 | 辽 源 | 白 山 | 全省 | 鹤岗 | 伊春 | 大兴安岭 | |||
人均可支配收入 | 29082 | 25035 | 25972 | 21195 | 23218 | 20780 | 18288 | 22609 | 18116 | 19091 | 18941 | ||
人均消费支出 | 20520 | 17353 | 20134 | 15849 | 17156 | 14902 | 10691 | — | — | — | — |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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