Occurrence Characteristics of Group Adverse Weather Conditions in Winter and Its Impact on Ice-snow Tourism of Jilin Province
Received date: 2021-03-12
Revised date: 2021-12-03
Online published: 2022-06-20
Supported by
Social Science Research Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of Jilin Provincial Department of Education (JJKH20201313SK)
Copyright
This study takes Jilin Province as the study area, and analyzes the occurrence characteristics of group adverse weather conditions in winter and its potential impact on various regions of Jilin Province based on high-dimensional copula function. On the basis of previous studies on the suitability of ice-snow tourism, strong wind (> 5 m/s), extreme low temperature (≤−16℃) and snowing days as adverse weather conditions are selected to analysis the potential impact to ice-snow tourism. High dimensional copula function is optimized in meteorological stations of Jilin Province based on the meteorological data from January, February and December from 1985 to 2015. Based on the high dimensional copula function, this study analyzes the impact of three kinds of adverse weather conditions on winter tourism in Jilin Province. By comparing the families of copula function, the three generic functions of Survival Joe (SJ), Clayton and Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern (FGM) are selected to construct R-Vine Copula distribution. From the analysis of daily meteorological data, it is found that the frequency of single adverse weather conditions in Jilin Province is 0.15-0.30, while the frequency of two adverse weather conditions together is 0.01-0.04. The frequency of adverse weather conditions in the western region is higher than that in the Middle East. In the coupling analysis of multiple adverse weather conditions, if adverse weather events occur for 5 d per year, the mean cumulative joint probability in the western region (0.28) is higher than that in the central region (0.07) and the eastern region (0.04); If adverse weather events occur for 10 d per year, the mean cumulative joint probability in the western region (0.65) is higher than that in the eastern region (0.18) and the central region (0.30). When 5 d adverse weather events occur every year, the potential losses in Changchun, Yanbian, Songyuan, Baicheng and Jilin are greater than 10 million yuan. When all kinds of adverse weather events occur 10 times per year, the potential loss of ice and snow tourism revenue in the these areas will be more than 100 million yuan. The occurrence of adverse weather conditions has obvious temporal and spatial law in Jilin Province. From a single disaster, the occurrence of the three adverse weather conditions has a certain periodicity in the time series. Spatially, the frequency of adverse weather conditions in the west of Jilin Province is higher than that in the Middle East. From the occurrence characteristics of group adverse weather conditions, the group occurrence probability in the western region of Jilin Province is higher than that in the middle east region of Jilin, and the joint occurrence probability of adverse weather events in Baicheng, Songyuan and Siping is higher than other cities. From the potential impact of adverse weather conditions, Changchun, Yanbian, Songyuan, Baicheng and Jilin have severe potential losses. This law is of great significance to the disaster reduction planning, tourism insurance and the implementation of tourism planning of winter tourism in this area.
Key words: adverse weather conditions; winter tourism; Copula; potential loss
Cai Weiying , Wang Xinghua , Zhang Wei , Zhang Baiju . Occurrence Characteristics of Group Adverse Weather Conditions in Winter and Its Impact on Ice-snow Tourism of Jilin Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022 , 42(6) : 1073 -1081 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.06.013
表1 边缘概率拟合优度检验值$ { \varepsilon } $(×10−4)Table 1 The goodness value of marginal probability |
指数分布 | 泊松分布 | 正态分布 | t分布 | 核分布 | |
大风日数 | 1.079 | 22.361 | 8.111 | 6.653 | 1.787 |
降水日数 | 4.483 | 5.823 | 5.877 | 0.586 | 0.106 |
低温日数 | 2.773 | 40.283 | 20.741 | 14.418 | 3.114 |
图2 研究区各站点大风(>5 m/s)(a)、极端低温(≤−16℃)(b)和降水日数(c)边缘概率1白城;2洮南;3镇赉;4 大安;5 松原;6 乾安;7 前郭;8 通榆;9 长岭;10扶余;11农安;12德惠;13九台;14榆树;15舒兰;16双辽;17梨树;18 公主岭;19四平;20长春;21伊通;22双阳;23烟筒山;24永吉;25吉林;26蛟河;27敦化;28安图;29汪清;30辽源;31东丰;32磐石;33梅河口;34柳河;35桦甸;36辉南;37 靖宇;38东岗;39二道;40和龙;41龙井;42珲春;43延吉;44图们;45通化县;46通化市;47白山;48临江;49集安;50长白 Fig. 2 The marginal probability of strong wind (>5 m/s), extreme low temperature (≤−16℃) and snowing days |
表2 R-Vine Copula函数结构及参数选择Table 2 The structure and parameter selection of R-Vine Copula function |
联接边 | Copula | Theta $ \theta $ ![]() | RMSE | NSE |
V12 | SJ | 1.2125 | 3.1081 | 0.8517 |
V23 | Clayton | 0.4895 | 3.6427 | 0.8353 |
V13|2 | FGM | −0.7911 | 2.2495 | 0.9170 |
图5 吉林省旅游收入空间分布特征Fig. 5 The spatial distribution characteristics of tourism income in Jilin Province |
表3 吉林省各地区不利气象条件发生联合概率平均值及潜在损失/万元Table 3 The mean joint probability and potential loss of adverse weather conditions in various regions of Jilin Province/104 yuan |
地区 | C5均值 | C10均值 | C5损失 | C10损失 |
注:C5为年均发生5次;C10为年均发生10次。 | ||||
长春 | 0.027 | 0.208 | 6335.58 | 97614.85 |
吉林 | 0.011 | 0.112 | 1324.09 | 26963.26 |
四平 | 0.052 | 0.380 | 439.36 | 6421.47 |
辽源 | 0.031 | 0.203 | 215.48 | 2822.14 |
通化 | 0.016 | 0.118 | 432.87 | 6384.84 |
白山 | 0.005 | 0.040 | 111.15 | 1778.42 |
松原 | 0.088 | 0.455 | 1744.99 | 18044.79 |
白城 | 0.133 | 0.590 | 1407.48 | 12487.42 |
延边 | 0.039 | 0.270 | 2591.73 | 35885.44 |
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