Development and Effects of Conservation Tillage in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China
Received date: 2021-08-24
Revised date: 2022-02-11
Online published: 2022-08-20
Supported by
Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS(XDA28080200)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877095)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101277)
Innovation Leadership and Team Program in Sciences and Technologies of Jilin Province(20200301022RQ)
Copyright
The black soil region in Northeast China bears the great responsibility of food security of the nation. However, long-term intensive utilization and lack of soil fertility maintenance and improvement measures in region resulted in severe soil degradation, which greatly constrained the sustainable utilization of black soil resources. Conservation tillage is defined as any form of tillage that minimizes soil disturbance and at least 30% of the soil surface covered with residues to reduce soil erosion. It can promote the soil health and green farming, and then to strengthen the base of sustainable agriculture in Black soil region, which has been proved by theory and practice. This article summarizes the connotation of conservation tillage technology, its development status and technical overview in the black soil region of Northeast China. Currently, there are three major types of conservation tillage including no-tillage with residue covered, no-tillage with residue covered and wide-narrow row spacing, strip-tillage with residue covered. The ecological and economic benefits of this region from the implementation of conservation tillage were systematically evaluated, which include soil and water conservation, soil structure and soil fertility improvement, carbon sequestration, soil biodiversity increase and cost saving. Conservation tillage has the potential to prevent soil loss from wind and water erosion, increase soil organic matter, sequester carbon and reduce soil CO2 emission to mitigate the global warming; it also can improve soil structure, significantly increase soil biodiversity and functional redundancy. Conservation tillage has no significant impacts on crop yields, but under extreme weather events it has the ability to resist drought and flood for the stable or higher crop yield in Northeast China. The problems and future development directions regarding the implementation of conservation tillage in this region were discussed. It will be beneficial for black soil protection and utilization, and to promote high-quality and leap development of conservation tillage in Northeast China.
Key words: black soil; conservation tillage; soil organic matter; ecological benefit
Liang Aizhen , Zhang Yan , Chen Xuewen , Zhang Shixiu , Huang Dandan , Yang Xueming , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Xiujun , Tian Chunjie , McLaughlin Neil B , Xiang Yang . Development and Effects of Conservation Tillage in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022 , 42(8) : 1325 -1335 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.08.001
[1] |
中国科学院. 东北黑土地白皮书(2020)[R]. 2021.
Chinese Academy of Sciences. Northeast black soil White Paper (2020). 2021.
|
[2] |
刘兴土, 阎百兴. 东北黑土区水土流失与粮食安全[J]. 中国水土保持, 2009, 1: 17-19.
Liu Xingtu, Yan Baixing. Soil erosion and food security in black soil region of Northeast China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 1: 17-19.
|
[3] |
Xiao Liangang, Kuhn Nikolaus J, Zhao Rongqin et al. Net effects of conservation agriculture principles on sustainable land use: A synthesis[J]. Global Change Biology, 2021, 27: 6321-6330.
|
[4] |
高旺盛. 论保护性耕作技术的基本原理与发展趋势[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(12): 2702-2708.
Gao Wangsheng. Development trends and basic principles of conservation tillage. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(12): 2702-2708.
|
[5] |
Conservation Tillage Information Center (CTIC), M. R. National crop residue management survey[EB/OL]. West Lafayette: Conservation Technology Information Center. https://www.ctic.org/CRM/2004.
|
[6] |
中国耕作制度研究会. 中国少耕免耕和覆盖技术研究[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1991.
Written by the China Farming System Research Association. Research on less tillage and coverage technology in China. Beijing: Science and Technology of China Press, 1991.
|
[7] |
杨学明, 张晓平, 方华军, 等. 北美保护性耕作及对中国的意义[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(2): 335-340.
Yang Xueming, Zhang Xiaoping, Fang Huajun et al. Conservation tillage systems in North America and their significance for China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(2): 335-340.
|
[8] |
刘文政, 李问盈, 郑侃, 等. 我国保护性耕作技术研究现状及展望[J]. 农机化研究, 2017, 7: 256-262.
Liu Wenzheng, Li Wenying, Zheng Kan et al. The current research status of conservation tillage technology. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2017, 7: 256-262.
|
[9] |
高焕文, 李洪文, 李问盈. 保护性耕作的发展[J]. 农业机械学报, 2008, 39(9): 43-48.
Gao Huanwen, Li Hongwen, Li Wenying. Development of conservation farming. Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 2008, 39(9): 43-48.
|
[10] |
何其镜, 胡庆浩, 杨士昭. 少耕法机械化的试验研究——原垄与耙槎播种试验报告[J]. 吉林农业科学, 1982, 7(1): 75-85.
He Qijing, Hu Qinghao, Yang Shizhao. Experimental study on mechanization of reduced tillage-original ridge and rake Cha sowing test report. Jilin Agricultural Science, 1982, 7(1): 75-85.
|
[11] |
刘武仁, 郑金玉, 罗洋, 等. 东北黑土区玉米保护性耕作技术模式研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2007, 15(6): 86-88.
Liu Wuren, Zheng Jinyu, Luo Yang et al. Study on technique model of conservative tillage in maize in Northeast of China. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2007, 15(6): 86-88.
|
[12] |
农业部, 国家发展改革委, 财政部, 等. 东北黑土地保护规划纲要(2017-2030年)[EB/OL]. 2017-06-15. http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2017/dqq/201801/t20180103_6133926.htm
Ministry of Agriculture, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance et al. Outline of Northeast black soil protection plan (2017-2030). 2017-06-15. http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2017/dqq/201801/t20180103_6133926.htm
|
[13] |
农业农村部, 财政部. 东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划(2020-2025年)[EB/OL]. 2020-02-25. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-03/18/content_5492780.htm
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Finance. Action plan for conservation tillage of black soil in Northeast China (2020-2025). 2020-02-25. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-03/18/content_5492780.htm
|
[14] |
石东峰, 米国华. 玉米秸秆覆盖条耕技术及其应用[J]. 土壤与作物, 2018, 7(3): 349-355.
Shi Dongfeng, Mi Guohua. Straw mulching strip - till technology and its application in corn production. Soils and Crops, 2018, 7(3): 349-355.
|
[15] |
刘伟林. 黑龙江扎实做好黑土耕地保护利用[EB/OL].农民日报. http://nynct.hlj.gov.Cn/nynct/c100013/202111/b40775d70f164c3dbcac2625ee789c5a.shtml2021-11-10.
Liu Weilin. Solid black soil of cultivated land protection and utilization in Heilongjiang Province. Farmers’ Daily. http://nynct.hlj.gov.cn/nynct/c100013/202111/b40775d70f164c3dbcac2625ee789c5a.shtml2021-11-10.
|
[16] |
闫虹瑾. 吉林省保护性耕作面积增幅居全国首位[EB/OL].中华人民共和国农业和农村事务部. http://www.moa.gov.cn/xw/qg/202206/t20220627_6403437.htm2021-07-15.
Yan Hongjin. The increase of conservation tillage area in Jilin Province ranks first in China. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.moa.gov.cn/xw/qg/202206/t20220627_6403437.htm2021-07-15.
|
[17] |
农牧厅种植业管理处. 内蒙古自治区粮食产量达768.06亿斤, 再创历史新高[EB/OL]. http://nmt.nmg.gov.cn/xw/nmyw/202112/t20211208_1970962.html2021-12-08.
The grain outputof Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region reached 76.806 billion jin, hitting a new record. Hall plantation agriculture and animal husbandry management service. http://nmt.nmg.gov.cn/xw/nmyw/202112/t20211208_1970962.html2021-12-22.
|
[18] |
辽宁省农业农村厅. 亩产955斤, 辽宁粮食单产水平创新高[EB/OL]. http://www.ln.gov.cn/ywdt/tjdt/202112/t20211222_4476118.html2021-12-22.
Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Liaoning Province. http://www.ln.gov.cn/ywdt/tjdt/202112/t20211222_4476118.html2021-12-08.
|
[19] |
Yang Xueming, Zhang Xiaoping, Fang Huajun et al. Long-term effects of fertilization on soil organic carbon changes in continuous corn of Northeast China: RothC model simulations[J]. Environmental Management, 2003, 32(4): 459-465.
|
[20] |
张兴义, 陈强, 陈渊, 等. 东北北部冷凉区免耕土壤的特性及作物效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(11): 2271-2277.
Zhang Xingyi, Chen Qiang, Chen Yuan et al. Characteristics of soil and no-tillage effect in northern Northeast China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(11): 2271-2277.
|
[21] |
杨润城. 海伦黑土农田风蚀监测研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2018.
Yang Runcheng. Study on wind erosion monitoring of Helen black soil farmland. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2018.
|
[22] |
陈学文, 张晓平, 梁爱珍, 等. 耕作方式对黑土硬度和容重的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(2): 439-444.
Chen Xuewen, Zhang Xiaoping, Liang Aizhen et al. Effects of tillage mode on black soil’s penetration resistance and bulk density. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(2): 439-444.
|
[23] |
范如芹, 梁爱珍, 杨学明, 等. 耕作方式对黑土团聚体含量及特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(18): 3767-3775.
Fan Ruqin, Liang Aizhen, Yang Xueming et al. Effects of tillage on soil aggregates in black soils in Northeast China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(18): 3767-3775.
|
[24] |
槐圣昌. 耕作方式与秸秆还田对东北黑土物理性质和玉米根系生长的影响[D]. 北京: 农业资源与农业区划研究所研究生院, 2020.
Huai Shengchang. Effects of tillage methods and straw returning on physical properties of Northeast black soil and maize root growth. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2020.
|
[25] |
Liang Aizhen, Zhai Zhengli, McLaughlin Neil et al. Lodging in corn varies with tillage and crop rotation: A case study after typhoon bolaven pummeling over the black soil zone in Northeast China[J]. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(3): 539-545.
|
[26] |
赵家煦. 东北黑土区秸秆还田深度对土壤水分动态及土壤酶、微生物C、N的影响[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2017.
Zhao Jiaxu. Effects of different location of strew incorporation on soil water dynamics, soil enzymes, microbial C and N. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2017.
|
[27] |
Liu L, Zhang L, Liu J et al. Soil water and temperature characteristics under different straw mulching and tillage measures in the black soil region of China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 76(3): 256-262.
|
[28] |
Chen Xuewen, Shi Xiuhuan, Liang Aizhen et al. Least limiting water range and soil pore-size distribution related to soil organic carbon dynamics following zero and conventional tillage of a black soil in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2015, 153(2): 270-281.
|
[29] |
Chen Xuewen, Chang Liang, Liang Aizhen et al. Earthworm positively influences large macropores under extreme drought and conservation tillage in a Chinese Mollisol[J]. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2018, 16(1): 663-675.
|
[30] |
Fan Ruqin, Zhang Xiaoping, Yang Xueming et al. Effects of tillage management on infiltration and preferential flow in a black soil, Northeast China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2013, 23(3): 312-320.
|
[31] |
韩晓增, 李娜. 中国东北黑土地研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(7): 1032-1041.
Han Xiaozeng, Li Na. Research progress of black soil in Northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(7): 1032-1041.
|
[32] |
Zhang Yan, Li Xiujun, Gregorich Edward et al. No-tillage with continuous maize cropping enhances soil aggregation and organic carbon storage in Northeast China[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 330: 204-211.
|
[33] |
杨学明, 张晓平, 方华军, 等. 用RothC-26.3模型模拟玉米连作下长期施肥对黑土有机碳的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36(11): 1318-1324.
Yang Xueming, Zhang Xiaoping, Fang Huajun et al. RothC-26.3 model simulating long-term effects of fertilization on changes of soil organic carbon in continuous cultivation of corn in Northeast China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2003, 36(11): 1318-1324.
|
[34] |
张延. 秸秆还田下耕作措施对农田黑土有机碳组分及其稳定性的影响[D]. 长春: 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 2019.
Zhang Yan, Effects of tillage management with residue return on soil organic carbon fractions and stability. Changchun: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019.
|
[35] |
胡国庆, 刘肖, 何红波, 等. 免耕覆盖还田下玉米秸秆氮素的去向研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2016, 53(4): 963-971.
Hu Guoqing, Liu Xiao, He Hongbo et al. Fate of nitrogen contained in maize stalk mulch in no-tillage system. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2016, 53(4): 963-971.
|
[36] |
李保国, 王贵满. 东北地区的保护性耕作技术——梨树模式[M]. 北京: 科学技术文献出版, 2019.
Li Baoguo, Wang Guiman. Conservation tillage techniques in Northeast China. Beijing: Scienific and Technical Documentation Press, 2019.
|
[37] |
霍海南, 李杰, 袁磊, 等. 秸秆还田量对培肥农田黑土氮素初级转化速率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(12): 4109-4116.
Huo Hainan, Li Jie, Yuan Lei et al. Effects of different straw returning amount on the potential gross nitrogen transformation rates of fertilized Mollisol. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(12): 4109-4116.
|
[38] |
Liu Siyi, Zhang Xiaoping, Liang Aizhen et al. Ridge tillage is likely better than no tillage for 14-year field experiment in black soils: Insights from a 15N-tracing study[J]. Soil and Tillage Research 2018, 179: 38-46.
|
[39] |
方华军, 杨学明, 张晓平. 东北黑土有机碳储量及其对大气CO2的贡献[J]. 水土保持学报, 2003, 17(3): 9-20.
Fang Huajun, Yang Xueming, Zhang Xiaoping. Organic carbon stock of black soils in Northeast China and its contribution to atmospheric CO2. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 17(3): 9-20.
|
[40] |
周思宇. 东北地区耕地利用碳排放核算及驱动因素研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳师范大学, 2020.
Zhou Siyu. Study on carbon emission accounting and driving factors of cultivated land use in Northeast China. Shenyang: Shenyang Normal University. 2020.
|
[41] |
Jia Shuxia, Zhang Xiaoping, Chen Xuewen et al. Long-term conservation tillage influences the soil microbial community and its contribution to soil CO2 emissions in a Mollisol in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2016, 16(1): 1-12.
|
[42] |
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World soil charter. [EB/OL]. 2015-06-08.https://www.fao.org/3/i4965e/I4965E.pdf.
|
[43] |
Zhang Shixiu, Li Qi, Lü Ying et al. Conservation tillage positively influences the microflora and microfauna in the black soil of Northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2015, 149: 46-52.
|
[44] |
郭亚飞. 保护性耕作下蚯蚓在土壤结构形成和有机碳周转过程中的作用[D]. 长春: 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 2018.
Guo Yafei. Impacts of earthworm on soil structure formation and soil organic carbon turnover under conversation tillage. Changchun: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2018.
|
[45] |
Zhang Shixiu, Cui Shuyan, McLaughlin Neil et al. Tillage effects outweigh seasonal effects on soil nematode community structure[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 192: 233-239.
|
[46] |
Zhang Shixiu, McLaughlin Neil, Cui Shuyan et al. Effects of long-term tillage on carbon partitioning of nematode metabolism in a black soil of Northeast China[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2019, 138: 207-212.
|
[47] |
Zhang Shixiu, Li Qi, Zhang Xiaoping et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregation and aggregate binding agents in black soil of Northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2012, 124: 196-202.
|
[48] |
Zhang Shixiu, Li Qi, Lü Ying et al. Contributions of soil biota to C sequestration varied with aggregate fractions under different tillage[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, 62: 147-156.
|
[49] |
Liang Aizhen, Zhang Yan, Zhang Xiaoping et al. Investigations of relationships among aggregate pore structure, microbial biomass, and soil organic carbon in a Mollisol using combined non-destructive measurements and phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 185: 94-101.
|
[50] |
Jia Shuxia, Liang Aizhen, Zhang Shixiu et al. Effect of tillage system on soil CO2 flux, soil microbial community and maize (Zea mays L.) yield[J]. Geoderma 2021, 384: 114813
|
[51] |
Lal R, Griffin M, Apt J et al. Managing soil carbon[J]. Science, 2004, 304(16): 393
|
[52] |
谢瑞芝, 李少昆, 金亚征, 等. 中国保护性耕作试验研究的产量效应分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(2): 397-404.
Xie Ruizhi, Li Shaokun, Jin Yazheng et al. Analysis of yield effects in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(2): 397-404.
|
[53] |
蔡红光, 刘剑钊, 梁尧, 等. 玉米秸秆全量条带覆盖还田节本增效耕种技术模式生产实证及效益分析[J]. 玉米科学, 2022, 30(1): 115-122.
Cai Hongguang, Liu Jianzhao, Liang Yao et al. Demonstration and effect analysis on integrated cultivation mode of maize straw stripe mulching and low input management. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2022, 30(1): 115-122.
|
[54] |
Zhang Shixiu, Chen Xuewen, Jia Shuxia et al. The potential mechanism of long-term conservation tillage effects on maize yield in the black soil of Northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2015, 154: 84-90.
|
[55] |
Fan Ruqin, Zhang Xiaoping, Liang Aizhen et al. Tillage and rotation effects on crop yield and profitability on a black soil in Northeast China[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 92(3): 463-470.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |