Development Level and Spatio-temporal Evolution of Agricultural Modernization in Northeast China
Received date: 2021-04-23
Revised date: 2021-10-13
Online published: 2022-09-20
Supported by
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28020400)
Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-SSW-SQC)
STS Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFZD-SW-314)
Copyright
Taking the lead in modernizing agriculture is a major task for the revitalization of Northeast China, which is of great strategic significance for guaranteeing national food security, protecting black soil resources, and revitalizing the countryside. Northeast China, one of the four major economic sectors, is an important main grain-producing area and commodity grain base in China. The agricultural modernization development level of Northeast China has a direct relation to the national food security and profoundly affects regional economic and social development. According to the theoretical connotation and policy requirements of agricultural modernization in China, the agricultural modernization evaluation index system is constructed from three dimensions of input, output and social development, and the agricultural modernization level of 40 prefecture-level administrative units in Northeast China in 2008 and 2018 is measured. The results show that: 1) From the spatial pattern, the level of agricultural modernization in Northeast China shows a spatial pattern of “higher along the northeast-southwest axis and lower on the east and west sides of the axis”, with the Sanjiang Plain, the Songnen Plain, and the Bohai Sea Rim being the high-value clusters. 2) From the development speed, the level of agricultural modernization in Northeast China as a whole has improved, and the development speed in the northern region has increased. In terms of development speed, the overall level of agricultural modernization in Northeast China has improved, and the overall development speed in the northern region is greater than that in the south. 3) In terms of stage, the percentage of municipalities in the “initial realization” of agricultural modernization in 2018 is 86%, and the level of agricultural modernization in Northeast China is generally in the transition from “initial realization” to “basic realization”. 4) The three sub-dimensional indicators of agricultural modernization development level also show a certain pattern of geographical differentiation in geographic space. 5) Different regions should take the path of agricultural modernization following their characteristics given their development advantages and resource endowments. The research findings have important implications for policymakers formulating agricultural modernization policies following the local conditions of various cities. Firstly, the cities should improve the land scale economy and guide the land proper concentration, as well as improve the large-scale production capacity and management level. Secondly, the cities should make full use of the advantages of the industrial base in the Northeast China, and promote the agricultural mechanization production and the advanced agricultural technologies based in the Northeast China. Thirdly, the cities should speed up the agricultural technological transformation, and cultivate a group of professional farmers.
Yang Qifeng , Zhang Pingyu , Li Jing , Liu Wenxin , He Xiuli . Development Level and Spatio-temporal Evolution of Agricultural Modernization in Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022 , 42(9) : 1588 -1599 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.09.008
表1 东北地区农业现代化发展水平评价指标体系Table 1 Evaluation index system of agricultural modernization development level in Northeast China |
一级指标 | 权重 | 二级指标 | 指标含义 | 计算方法 | 属性 | 权重 |
农业 投入 水平 | 0.3275 | 公共财政农林水事务支出占比 | 反映政府支农力度 | 农林水事务支出/公共财政支出 | 正 | 0.1340 |
耕地有效灌溉率 | 反映农业水资源利用水平 | 耕地有效灌溉面积/耕地面积 | 正 | 0.1673 | ||
农业机械化水平 | 反映农业机械作业利用程度 | 农业机械总动力/耕地面积 | 正 | 0.1907 | ||
农业产业规模化水平 | 反映农业投入规模 | 农作物播种面积/农业从业人口 | 正 | 0.1424 | ||
农业产业组织化水平 | 反映农业专业化程度 | 农业龙头企业数量 | 正 | 0.1557 | ||
粮食播种面积比重 | 反映粮食种植规模 | 粮食播种面积/农作物播种面积 | 正 | 0.1318 | ||
单位播种面积化肥用量 | 反映农业绿色生产能力 | 化肥施用总量/农作物播种面积 | 负 | 0.0782 | ||
农业 产出 水平 | 0.4126 | 农业劳动生产率 | 反映农业生产效率 | 农林牧渔业总产值/农业从业人口 | 正 | 0.1727 |
农业科技进步贡献率 | 反映农业科技水平 | 农林牧渔业总产值增长率-物质费用产出弹性×物质费用增长率-劳动力产出弹性×劳动力增长率-耕地产出弹性×耕地增长率 | 正 | 0.1737 | ||
粮食单位面积产量 | 反映粮食产出效益 | 粮食总产量/耕地面积 | 正 | 0.1199 | ||
劳均粮食产量 | 反映粮食生产能力 | 粮食总产量/农业从业人口 | 正 | 0.1080 | ||
农林牧渔业产值状况 | 反映农业经济水平 | 农林牧渔业总产值/地区生产总值 | 正 | 0.2497 | ||
农业土地产出率 | 反映农业土地利用水平 | 农林牧渔业总产值/耕地面积 | 正 | 0.1759 | ||
农村 社会 发展 水平 | 0.2599 | 农村人均用电量 | 反映农村电气化水平 | 农村用电量/农村人口 | 正 | 0.1264 |
城镇化率 | 反映农村城镇化进程 | 城镇人口/总人口 | 正 | 0.2230 | ||
农村居民人均可支配收入 | 反映农民收入状况 | 农村居民工资性收入、经营净收入、财产净收入、转移净收入总和 | 正 | 0.3048 | ||
农业保险深度 | 反映农业保障力度 | 农业保费收入/农民牧渔业产值 | 正 | 0.1906 | ||
农村人均受教育程度 | 反映农民文化素质 | 普通中学在校学生数/农村人口 | 正 | 0.1551 |
表2 东北地区农业现代化发展水平等级划分标准Table 2 Classification standard of agricultural modernization development level in Northeast China |
等级 | 区域 | 标准 |
注: | ||
等级Ⅰ | 低值区 | |
等级Ⅱ | 中值区 | 0.8 |
等级Ⅲ | 较高值区 | |
等级Ⅳ | 高值区 | |
表3 2008年、2018年东北地区各地级行政单元农业现代化综合评价结果Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation results of agricultural modernization of administrative units at different levels in Northeast China in 2008 and 2018 |
地区 | 综合水平 | 综合排名 | 相对发展 速率 | 地区 | 综合水平 | 综合排名 | 相对发展 速率 | |||||||
2008年 | 2018年 | 2008年 | 2018年 | 2008年 | 2018年 | 2008年 | 2018年 | |||||||
注:—为无此项。 | ||||||||||||||
东北地区 | 0.4774 | 0.5892 | — | — | — | 松原市 | 0.5205 | 0.6468 | 10 | 11 | 1.13 | |||
沈阳市 | 0.5942 | 0.6967 | 5 | 4 | 0.92 | 白城市 | 0.4718 | 0.5875 | 18 | 22 | 1.03 | |||
大连市 | 0.6702 | 0.7042 | 1 | 1 | 0.30 | 延边州 | 0.4304 | 0.5565 | 27 | 27 | 1.13 | |||
鞍山市 | 0.4900 | 0.5324 | 14 | 30 | 0.38 | 哈尔滨市 | 0.5954 | 0.6984 | 4 | 3 | 0.92 | |||
抚顺市 | 0.4664 | 0.5949 | 19 | 18 | 1.15 | 齐齐哈尔 | 0.4874 | 0.6817 | 15 | 6 | 1.74 | |||
本溪市 | 0.4430 | 0.5930 | 24 | 20 | 1.34 | 鸡西市 | 0.4548 | 0.6210 | 23 | 15 | 1.49 | |||
丹东市 | 0.5159 | 0.6236 | 11 | 14 | 0.96 | 鹤岗市 | 0.4027 | 0.5102 | 35 | 34 | 0.96 | |||
锦州市 | 0.4768 | 0.6621 | 16 | 8 | 1.66 | 双鸭山市 | 0.4758 | 0.5940 | 17 | 19 | 1.06 | |||
营口市 | 0.5433 | 0.6356 | 7 | 12 | 0.83 | 大庆市 | 0.5132 | 0.5901 | 12 | 21 | 0.69 | |||
阜新市 | 0.4270 | 0.4910 | 29 | 37 | 0.57 | 伊春市 | 0.4153 | 0.5180 | 32 | 32 | 0.92 | |||
辽阳市 | 0.3930 | 0.4760 | 37 | 38 | 0.74 | 佳木斯市 | 0.4658 | 0.6650 | 20 | 7 | 1.78 | |||
盘锦市 | 0.6108 | 0.6833 | 3 | 5 | 0.65 | 七台河市 | 0.4288 | 0.4656 | 28 | 39 | 0.33 | |||
铁岭市 | 0.4247 | 0.5737 | 31 | 25 | 1.33 | 牡丹江市 | 0.4958 | 0.5425 | 13 | 29 | 0.42 | |||
朝阳市 | 0.3998 | 0.5680 | 36 | 26 | 1.50 | 黑河市 | 0.4370 | 0.5797 | 25 | 24 | 1.28 | |||
葫芦岛市 | 0.4262 | 0.5047 | 30 | 36 | 0.70 | 绥化市 | 0.5399 | 0.6558 | 8 | 9 | 1.04 | |||
长春市 | 0.5851 | 0.6987 | 6 | 2 | 1.02 | 大兴安岭 | 0.4111 | 0.4583 | 33 | 40 | 0.42 | |||
吉林市 | 0.5242 | 0.6297 | 9 | 13 | 0.94 | 赤峰市 | 0.3882 | 0.5309 | 39 | 31 | 1.28 | |||
四平市 | 0.6334 | 0.6513 | 2 | 10 | 0.16 | 通辽市 | 0.4333 | 0.5824 | 26 | 23 | 1.33 | |||
辽源市 | 0.4636 | 0.5952 | 22 | 17 | 1.18 | 呼伦贝尔 | 0.4094 | 0.5461 | 34 | 28 | 1.22 | |||
通化市 | 0.4642 | 0.6037 | 21 | 16 | 1.25 | 兴安盟 | 0.3744 | 0.5050 | 40 | 35 | 1.17 | |||
白山市 | 0.3927 | 0.5142 | 38 | 33 | 1.09 |
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