Spatial-temporal characteristics and influence mechanisms of Singapore-invested enterprises entering industrial park in China
Received date: 2023-06-26
Revised date: 2023-09-16
Online published: 2024-10-04
Copyright
Based on the data of Singapore-invested enterprises in China, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal characteristics and influence mechanism for of Singapore-invested enterprises entering the industrial park in China from 1979 to 2022. The spatial-temporal characteristics of the Singapore-invested enterprises are studied in depth by adopting the spatial analysis technique from ArcGIS software, and the empirical method is used to investigate the influence mechanism of industrial park in promoting the entry of Singapore-invested enterprises. The results show: 1) The number of Singapore-invested enterprises shows obvious fluctuation at individual time points, the number of new founded Singapore-invested enterprises has experienced 3 peaks, which are 1993, 2006 and 2021, and the proportion of Singapore-invested enterprises entering industrial park has increased sharply during the period from 1979 to 2009. 2) In terms of spatial characteristics, the overall degree of agglomeration of Singapore-invested enterprises continued to rise from 1992 to 2022, and the proportion of Singapore-invested enterprises entering the industrial park and those entering outside the industrial park were similar, showing a similar spatial distribution pattern. 3) The increase in the number of industrial park can promote the increase of Singapore-invested enterprises, and the construction of industrial parks promotes the entry of Singapore-invested enterprises through 2 main mechanisms: First, industrial parks help to improve the level of infrastructure construction in 3 regions, thus providing convenient conditions for the entry of Singapore-invested enterprises. Second, industrial parks play a key role in reducing the tax burden on foreign enterprises, which further incentivizes these firms to conduct business in the industrial park. Focusing on new ventures, this paper not only provides a strong basis for an in-depth understanding of the development of foreign investment in industrial parks in China, but also provides substantial support for attracting high-quality foreign investment and promoting high-quality synergistic development of local industries. The findings of the study improve the explanation of the mechanism of foreign-invested enterprises entering the parks in China, enrich the geographic study of foreign investment, and provide significant insights in optimization of foreign investment policies and the construction of industrial park.
Yang Chengling , Mai Yuhang , Xie Yizhi , Zheng Muqiang . Spatial-temporal characteristics and influence mechanisms of Singapore-invested enterprises entering industrial park in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2024 , 44(9) : 1544 -1554 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230610
表1 新资企业进入产业园区内和产业园区外数量Table 1 Number of Singapore-invetsed enterprises entering inside and outside the industrial park |
时段 | 园区内企业/家 | 园区外企业/家 | 合计/家 | 园区内企业占比/% |
注:港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||
1979—1989 | 24 | 76 | 100 | 24.0 |
1990—1993 | 247 | 783 | 1030 | 24.0 |
1994—1998 | 665 | 1342 | 2007 | 33.1 |
1999—2005 | 1665 | 2351 | 4016 | 41.5 |
2006—2009 | 1144 | 1456 | 2600 | 44.0 |
2010—2015 | 1643 | 2103 | 3746 | 43.9 |
2016—2022 | 2713 | 3602 | 6315 | 43.0 |
图2 1992年、2002年、2012年、2022年中国新资企业的核密度基于审图号: GS (2023)2767(自然资源部监制)制作,底图无修改;港澳台数据暂缺 Fig.2 K-density distribution of Singapore-invetsed enterprises in China in 1992, 2002, 2012 and 2022 |
表2 1992年、2002年、2012年、2022年新资企业10大地级及以上城市的分布Table 2 Top 10 cities of Singapore-invetsed enterprises in China in 1992, 2002, 2012 and 2022 |
1992年 | 2002年 | 2012年 | 2022年 | |||||||||||
城市 | 数量 | 比例/% | 城市 | 数量 | 比例/% | 城市 | 数量 | 比例/% | 城市 | 数量 | 比例/% | |||
注:港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||||||||||||
北京 | 36 | 8.3 | 上海 | 856 | 21.6 | 上海 | 2176 | 29.2 | 上海 | 3541 | 29.8 | |||
上海 | 33 | 7.6 | 北京 | 274 | 6.9 | 苏州 | 650 | 8.7 | 苏州 | 821 | 6.9 | |||
深圳 | 31 | 7.2 | 苏州 | 252 | 6.3 | 北京 | 570 | 7.6 | 北京 | 703 | 5.9 | |||
海口 | 27 | 6.3 | 天津 | 184 | 4.6 | 天津 | 281 | 3.8 | 深圳 | 615 | 5.2 | |||
厦门 | 27 | 6.3 | 深圳 | 136 | 3.4 | 深圳 | 256 | 3.4 | 广州 | 438 | 3.7 | |||
天津 | 19 | 4.4 | 厦门 | 134 | 3.4 | 厦门 | 212 | 2.8 | 天津 | 372 | 3.1 | |||
广州 | 14 | 3.2 | 广州 | 128 | 3.2 | 广州 | 184 | 2.5 | 厦门 | 242 | 2.0 | |||
泉州 | 14 | 3.2 | 无锡 | 100 | 2.5 | 无锡 | 172 | 2.3 | 成都 | 232 | 2.0 | |||
苏州 | 14 | 3.2 | 大连 | 96 | 2.4 | 成都 | 147 | 2.0 | 无锡 | 226 | 1.9 | |||
南京 | 10 | 2.3 | 泉州 | 96 | 2.4 | 杭州 | 125 | 1.7 | 杭州 | 220 | 1.9 | |||
总和 | 225 | 52.1 | 总和 | 2256 | 52.1 | 总和 | 4773 | 64.0 | 总和 | 7410 | 62.4 |
表3 新增的园区内新资企业数量实证模型回归结果Table 3 Regression results of new founded Singapore-invetsed enterprises in industrial park in China |
解释变量 | 基准回归 (未加控制变量) | 基准回归 (加入控制变量) | 剔除受金融危机影响的样本 | 双边缩尾处理 | 限定为内陆省市的样本 |
注:***、**、*分别为 P<0.01、P <0.05、P <0.1;括号内的数值为稳健的标准误;IP为产业园区数量; Pgdp为经济发展水平;Tech为创新能力;Labor为劳动力成本;Open为对外开放水平;—为无此项;港澳台数据暂缺。 | |||||
IP | 0.077**(0.033) | 0.038**(0.019) | 0.105*(0.055) | 0.038**(0.019) | 0.032**(0.014) |
Pgdp | — | 0.953***(0.117) | 0.513*(0.297) | 0.931***(0.117) | −3.481**(1.544) |
Tech | — | 0.045**(0.021) | 0.037(0.044) | 0.047**(0.021) | −0.012(0.142) |
Labor | — | 0.955***(0.130) | 0.319(0.577) | 0.927***(0.130) | 4.437**(1.861) |
Open | — | 0.919***(0.035) | 0.902***(0.087) | 0.923***(0.035) | 1.390***(0.454) |
省(区、市)固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
年份固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
调整后的R 2 | 0.041 | 0.684 | 0.749 | 0.685 | 0.369 |
样本量 | 360 | 360 | 306 | 352 | 40 |
表4 新增的园区内新资企业数量实证模型内生性检验Table 4 Endogeneity test for model of the number of new founded Singapore-invetsed enterprises in industrial park in China |
解释变量 | 2SLS | 一阶段 |
注:***、*分别为 P<0.01、P <0.1;括号内为稳健的标准误;2SLS为两阶段最小二乘法;Freight为各地区货运量;IP为产业园区数量;—为无此项;港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||
IP | 0.215***(0.012) | — |
Freight | — | 2.017*(1.177) |
控制变量 | 控制 | 控制 |
省(区、市)固定效应 | 是 | 是 |
年份固定效应 | 是 | 是 |
样本量 | 360 | 360 |
调整后的R 2 | 0.477 | 0.309 |
一阶段回归F值 | 16.64 |
表5 基础设施水平与外资企业的税收负担2种机制的中介效应检验Table 5 Mediating effects test for two mechanisms: Transportation level and tax burden of foreign-invetsed enterprise |
解释变量 | 基准回归 | 基础设施水平的中介效应 | 外资企业税收负担的中介效应 | ||||
Enterprise | Trans | Enterprise | Tax | Enterprise | |||
注:***、**分别为 P<0.01、P <0.05;括号内的为稳健的标准误; Enterprise为新增的园区内新资企业数量;Trans为基础设施水平;Tax为外资企业的税收负担;IP为产业园区数量;—为无此项;港澳台数据暂缺。 | |||||||
IP | 0.038**(0.019) | 0.047***(0.012) | 0.018(0.019) | −0.078***(0.018) | 0.019(0.019) | ||
Trans | — | — | 0.430***(0.040) | — | — | ||
Tax | — | — | — | — | −0.247***(0.026) | ||
控制变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | ||
省(区、市)固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | ||
年份固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | ||
样本量 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | ||
调整后的R 2 | 0.684 | 0.443 | 0.707 | 0.737 | 0.702 |
1 |
胡志强, 苗长虹, 华明芳, 等 中国外商投资区位选择的时空格局与影响因素 人文地理 2018 33 5 88 96
Hu Zhiqiang, Miao Changhong, Hua Mingfang et al Spatio-temporal patterns and influencing factors of location choice of foreign investment in China Human Geography 2018 33 5 88 96
|
2 |
Alisherovna M K Attracting investment to regions—An important factor of development Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 2022 12 3 10 13
|
3 |
颜银根 FDI区位选择: 市场潜能、地理集聚与同源国效应 财贸经济 2014 394 9 103 113
Yan Yingen Location choice of FDI: Market potential, geographic agglomeration and homeland effect Finance & Trade Economics 2014 394 9 103 113
|
4 |
胡璇, 杜德斌 外资企业研发中心在城市内部的时空演化及机制分析——以上海为例 经济地理 2019 39 7 129 138
Hu Xuan, Du Debin Analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution and mechanism of R&D centers of foreign enterprises within cities: Take Shanghai for example Economic Geography 2019 39 7 129 138
|
5 |
李志远, 刘丹, 方枕宇 外资准入政策和外商直接投资的流入——一个准自然实验的证据 中国经济问题 2022 330 1 45 60
Li Zhiyuan, Liu Dan, Fang Zhenyu Access policy of foreign investment and FDI inflows: An evidence from a quasi-natural experiment China Economic Studies 2022 330 1 45 60
|
6 |
贺灿飞, 刘洋 产业地理集聚与外商直接投资产业分布——以北京市制造业为例 地理学报 2006 73 12 1259 1270
He Canfei, Liu Yang Industrial-geographic agglomeration and industrial distribution of foreign direct investment: The case of Beijing manufacturing industry Acta Geographica Sinica 2006 73 12 1259 1270
|
7 |
Hilber C A L, Voicu I Agglomeration economies and the location of foreign direct investment: Empirical evidence from Romania Regional Studies 2010 44 3 355 371
|
8 |
Hu J A study on the location of China’s foreign direct investment World Scientific Research Journal 2022 8 7 763 769
|
9 |
Wang J The economic impact of Special Economic Zones: Evidence from Chinese municipalities Journal of Development Economics 2013 101 1 133 147
|
10 |
韩瑞栋, 薄凡 自由贸易试验区对资本流动的影响效应研究——基于准自然实验的视角 国际金融研究 2019 387 7 36 45
Han Ruidong, Bo Fan A study on the effect of FTZs on capital flows: A perspective based on quasi-natural experiment Studies of International Finance 2019 387 7 36 45
|
11 |
华岳, 谭小清 绿色区位导向性政策与外商直接投资: 来自国家生态工业示范园区的证据 国际贸易问题 2022 469 1 130 145
Hua Yue, Tan Xiaoqing Green location-oriented policies and foreign direct investment: Evidence from national eco-industrial demonstration parks Journal of International Trade 2022 469 1 130 145
|
12 |
吴敏, 黄玖立, 丁思琪 制度质量如何影响外资企业进入模式——来自中国设立开发区的经验证据 经济科学 2023 254 2 145 162
Wu Min, Huang Jiuli, Ding Siqi How institutional quality affects the entry pattern of foreign firms: Empirical evidence from the establishment of development zones in China Economic Science 2023 254 2 145 162
|
13 |
Li K, Whitwell J, Yao S A growth model for China’s special economic zone Pacific Economic Review 2015 10 4 439 449
|
14 |
Johansson H, Nilsson L Export processing zones as catalysts World Development 1997 25 12 2115 2128
|
15 |
张军, 闫东升, 冯宗宪, 等 自由贸易区的经济增长效应研究——基于双重差分空间自回归模型的动态分析 经济经纬 2019 36 4 71 77
Zhang Jun, Yan Dongsheng, Feng Zongxian et al A study on the economic growth effect of FTZs: A dynamic analysis based on a difference in difference method and spatial autoregressive model Economic Survey 2019 36 4 71 77
|
16 |
张建中, 赵子龙, 乃哥麦提·伊加提, 等 综合保税区对腹地区域经济增长的影响: “极化效应”还是“涓滴效应”——基于2011—2016年32个综合保税区数据的实证研究 宏观经济研究 2019 250 9 153 167
Zhang Jianzhong, Zhao Zilong, Nergometi Igatti et al The impact of comprehensive FTZs on regional economic growth in the hinterland: “Polarization Effect” or “Trickle-Down Effect”: An empirical study based on the data of 32 comprehensive bonded zones from 2011—2016 Macroeconomics 2019 250 9 153 167
|
17 |
Liedong T A, Peprah A A, Amartey A O et al Institutional voids and firms’ resource commitment in emerging markets: A review and future research agenda Journal of International Management 2020 26 3 100756
|
18 |
万源星, 郑秀田, 林霞 国家高新区是地区“稳外资”的有效载体吗——来自我国276座城市的证据 科研管理 2022 43 9 1 9
Wan Yuanxing, Zheng Xiutian, Lin Xia Are national high-tech zones an effective vehicle for stabilizing foreign investment in the region: Evidence from 276 cities in China Science Research Management 2022 43 9 1 9
|
19 |
Nurkse R. Problems of capital formation in underdeveloped countries[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1953.
|
20 |
Rosenstein-Rodan P N Problems of industrialisation of eastern and south-eastern Europe The Economic Journal 1943 53 210-211 202 211
|
21 |
刘生龙, 胡鞍钢 基础设施的外部性在中国的检验: 1988—2007 经济研究 2010 45 3 4 15
Liu Shenglong, Hu Angang Examination of infrastructure externalities in China during 1988—2007 Economic Research Journal 2010 45 3 4 15
|
22 |
林毅夫, 向为, 余淼杰 区域型产业政策与企业生产率 经济学 2018 17 2 781 800
Lin Yifu, Xiang Wei, Yu Miaojie Region-based industrial policy and firm productivity China Economic Quarterly 2018 17 2 781 800
|
23 |
甄杰, 任浩, 唐开翼 中国产业园区持续发展: 历程、形态与逻辑 城市规划学刊 2022 267 1 66 73
Zhen Jie, Ren Hao, Tang Kaiyi Sustainable development of industrial parks in China: History, form and logic Urban Planning Forum 2022 267 1 66 73
|
24 |
UNIDO (HPED/IPPS). Industrial estates: Principles and practice[R]. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1997.
|
25 |
张杰, 毕钰, 金岳 中国高新区“以升促建”政策对企业创新的激励效应 管理世界 2021 37 7 76 91
Zhang Jie, Bi Yu, Jin Yue The incentive effect of “promotion for construction” policy on enterprise innovation in Chinese high-tech zones Journal of Management World 2021 37 7 76 91
|
26 |
Kang S J, Lee H S The determinants of location choice of South Korean FDI in China Japan and the World Economy 2007 19 4 441 460
|
27 |
安同良, 周绍东, 皮建才 R&D补贴对中国企业自主创新的激励效应 经济研究 2009 44 10 87 98
An Tongliang, Zhou Shaodong, Pi Jiancai The incentive effect of R&D subsidies on independent innovation of Chinese enterprises Economic Research Journal 2009 44 10 87 98
|
28 |
张定胜, 曾懿亮, 谢康佳男 劳动力成本对于我国FDI增长的影响机制——基于国内各省份层面的实证分析 经济问题探索 2019 438 1 11 18
Zhang Dingsheng, Zeng Yiliang, Xie Kangjianan The influence mechanism of labor cost on China’s FDI growth: An empirical analysis based on the level of domestic provinces Inquiry into Economic Issues 2019 438 1 11 18
|
29 |
Borenstein M, Hedges L V, Higgins J P T et al A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis Research Synthesis Methods 2010 1 2 97 111
|
30 |
温忠麟, 叶宝娟 中介效应分析: 方法和模型发展 心理科学进展 2014 22 5 731 745
Wen Zhonglin, Ye Baojuan Mediation effects analysis: Methodology and model development Advances in Psychological Science 2014 22 5 731 745
|
31 |
Baron R M, Kenny D A The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986 51 6 1173
|
32 |
张华, 贺灿飞 区位通达性与在京外资企业的区位选择 地理研究 2007 26 5 984 994
Zhang Hua, He Canfei Location accessibility and location choice of foreign enterprises in Beijing Geographical Research 2007 26 5 984 994
|
33 |
江若尘, 余典范, 翟青, 等 中国(上海)自由贸易试验区对上海总部经济发展的影响研究 外国经济与管理 2014 36 4 65 71
Jiang Ruochen, Yu Dianfan, Zhai Qing et al Study on the impact of China (Shanghai) Pilot FTZs on the development of Shanghai headquarters economy Foreign Economics & Management 2014 36 4 65 71
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |