Vertical differentiation of vegetation in the World Heritage Site of the Taishan Mountain
Received date: 2023-04-10
Revised date: 2023-08-24
Online published: 2024-11-01
Supported by
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MD080)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401111)
Key Laboratory of the Yellow River Delta Ecology and Environment Open Fund of Shandong Province(2022KFJJ03)
Conservation and Utilization of Biodiversity in Taishan Mountain(2022TSGS002)
Monitoring and Evaluation of Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink in Shandong.
Copyright
The Taishan Mountain is a world natural and cultural heritage. At present, the forest vegetation of the Taishan Mountain is mainly planted artificially in the 1950s and 1960s, so whether it has vertical zoning is controversial. In order to comprehensively analyze the vertical differentiation law of vegetation in the Taishan Mountain, this paper uses the high spatial resolution (WorldViewII, 0.5m) remote sensing image, and refers to the sub class data of the “One Map” of the Taishan Mountain Forest Resources Management to classify the forest vegetation by visual interpretation method. On this basis, the Geo-info-spectrum and Altitude-slope-aspect graphic of deciduous forest, coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in the Taishan Mountain were constructed. The main conclusions are as follows: The vertical differentiation of forest vegetation in the Taishan Mountain is significant, which belongs to the “disturbance band spectrum” greatly affected by human activities. At an altitude of 200-600 m, coniferous forests, broad-leaved forests, and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests are mixed in a disorderly manner; On sunny and semi sunny slopes with an altitude of 500-1 000 m, deciduous broad-leaved forests are concentrated, while on shaded and semi shaded slopes, temperate coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests are mixed; Concentrated distribution of temperate coniferous forests at an altitude of 1 000-1 500 m. This research is the first time to comprehensively and quantitatively analyze the vertical differentiation of forest vegetation in the Taishan Mountain, which has reference significance for further accurate analysis of the quantitative relationship between the Taishan Mountain vegetation landscape and environmental factors, as well as the habitat protection and biodiversity restoration of the Taishan Mountain World Heritage Site.
Han Fang , Li Chuanrong , Shen Weixing , Li Kun , Yao Qi , Wang Zhe , Wang Zhiyong . Vertical differentiation of vegetation in the World Heritage Site of the Taishan Mountain[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2024 , 44(10) : 1860 -1870 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230303
表1 暖温带山地(34°N~38°N)及其落叶阔叶林带界线Table 1 Warm temperate mountainous areas and their deciduous broad-leaved forest boundaries in 34°N-38°N |
序号 | 山地 | 东经(E) | 北纬(N) | 山体基面 高度/m | 主峰/m | 面积/ km2 | 年均温/ ℃ | 年降水/ mm | 落叶阔叶林 垂直带界线/m | 主要参考 文献 |
1 | 太白山 | 107°47′24″~107°51′36″ | 33°47′24″~34°07′48″ | 500 | 3771.2 | 563.0 | 8.4 | 945.5 | 780~2200 | [16] |
2 | 华山 | 109°57′00″~110°04′48″ | 34°00′00″~34°25′12″ | 353 | 2154.9 | 148.0 | 9.0 | 925.0 | 800~1900 | [17] |
3 | 嵩山 | 112°55′08″~113°11′24″ | 34°23′24″~34°34′48″ | 350 | 1512.0 | 450.0 | 14.3 | 640.9 | 800~1200 | [18] |
4 | 小秦岭 | 110°22′48″~110°43′48″ | 34°22′48″~34°31′12″ | 308 | 2413.8 | 151.6 | 9.8 | 612.6 | 1100~1700 | [19] |
5 | 云台山 | 119°13′12″~119°28′48″ | 34°34′12″~34°46′12″ | 30 | 1297.6 | 50.0 | 14.1 | 1000.0 | 54~610 | [20] |
6 | 莲花山 | 103°43′48″~103°48′00″ | 34°55′48″~34°58′12″ | 2000 | 3578.0 | 125.5 | 5.6 | 600.8 | 2100~2400 | [21] |
7 | 太子山 | 102°43′12″~103°42′00″ | 35°55′08″~35°36′00″ | 2200 | 4332.0 | 895.0 | 5.0 | 800.0 | 2300~2700 | [22] |
8 | 中条山 | 110°15′00″~112°37′12″ | 34°37′08″~35°37′12″ | 300 | 2321.8 | 463.0 | 12.0 | 700.0 | 500~2000 | [23] |
9 | 黄龙山 | 109°39′00″~110°12′36″ | 35°28′48″~36°01′48″ | 800 | 1528.3 | 20.0 | 8.6 | 611.8 | 800~1600 | [24] |
10 | 泰山 | 117°04′48″~117°24′00″ | 36°04′48″~36°15′00″ | 145 | 1532.7 | 400.0 | 5.3 | 1124.6 | 200~1000 | [5] |
11 | 太岳山 | 111°45′00″~112°33′00″ | 36°18′00″~37°04′48″ | 598 | 2566.6 | 600.0 | 9.3 | 700.0 | 1400~2150 | [25] |
12 | 绵山 | 112°07′48″~112°19′48″ | 36°04′12″~36°15′00″ | 800 | 2440.0 | 310.0 | 10.0 | 600.0 | 800~2000 | [26] |
13 | 关帝山 | 111°22′12″~111°33′00″ | 37°45′00″~37°55′12″ | 800 | 2831.0 | 560.0 | 4.3 | 822.6 | 800~1600 | [27] |
14 | 祁连山 | 94°15′00″~103°25′12″ | 35°49′48″~39°49′48″ | 1500 | 5826.8 | 2062.0 | 0.6 | 504.0 | 2100~2900 | [28] |
15 | 云顶山 | 111°34′48″~111°40′48″ | 37°36′00″~37°46′12″ | 1200 | 2659.0 | 23.9 | 7.6 | 425.6 | 1200~1750 | [29] |
16 | 芦芽山 | 111°46′12″~112°54′00″ | 38°36′00″~39°01′48″ | 1300 | 2772.0 | 214.5 | 5.6 | 462.7 | 1350~1700 | [30] |
17 | 五台山 | 112°48′00″~113°55′12″ | 38°27′00″~39°15′00″ | 640 | 3061.0 | 607.0 | 7.2 | 390.8 | 1500~1800 | [31] |
[1] |
山东省地方史志编纂委员会. 山东省志泰山志[M]. 北京: 中华书局, 1993.
Shandong Provincial Committee for Compilation of Local Historiography. Shandong Province records Mount Tai records. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1993.
|
[2] |
陈汉斌. 泰山植物垂直分布[J]. 山东师范学院学报(生物版), 1959 2 47-55.
Chen Hanbin. Vertical distribution of vegetation in Mount Tai. Journal of Shandong Normal University (Social Sciences), 1959 2 47-55.
|
[3] |
陈庆男. 泰山的植被与保护[J]. 天津师大学报(自然科学版), 1989 2 66-70+22.
Chen Qingnan. Vegetation and protection of Mount Tai. Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 1989 2 66-70+22.
|
[4] |
范勇. 森林游憩对泰山风景名胜区土壤和植被的冲击及游憩环境承载力研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2007.
Fan Yong. Research of forest recreational impact on soil and vegetation and recreation carrying capacity of Mountain Tai National Park. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2007.
|
[5] |
马少杰, 付伟章, 李正才, 等. 泰山南北坡植物物种多样性垂直梯度格局的比较[J]. 生态科学, 2010, 29(4): 367-374.
Ma Shaojie, Fu Weizhang, Li Zhengcai et al. Altitudinal patterns of plant species diversity on northern and southern Mountain Tai. Ecological Science, 2010, 29(4): 367-374.
|
[6] |
张萍, 张军, 李佳玉, 等. 大理苍山东西坡植被的垂直分布格局[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2022, 39(1): 68-75.
Zhang Ping, Zhang Jun, Li Jiayu et al. Vertical distribution pattern of vegetation on the east and west slopes of Cangshan Mountain in Dali. Journal of Zhejiang A & F University, 2022, 39(1): 68-75.
|
[7] |
齐文娟, 杨晓梅. 江西省都昌县山地与平原植被界线提取[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(4): 559-569.
Qi Wenjuan, Yang Xiaomei. Mountain and plain vegetation boundaries extraction in Duchang County Province Jiangxi. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(4): 559-569.
|
[8] |
孙然好, 张百平, 肖飞, 等. 山地垂直带谱的数字识别方法探讨[J]. 遥感学报, 2008, 12(2): 305-311.
Sun Ranhao, Zhang Baiping, Xiao Fei et al. Exploring the method of digital identification of mountain altitudinal belts. National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 2008, 12(2): 305-311.
|
[9] |
庞宇, 姚永慧, 赵芳, 等. 山地垂直带坡向信息提取方法[J]. 山地学报, 2012, 30(3): 290-298.
Pang Yu, Yao Yonghui, Zhao Fang et al. A method for identifying slope aspect information of mountain altitudinal belts. Mountain Research, 2012, 30(3): 290-298.
|
[10] |
张镱锂, 吴雪, 郑度. 喜马拉雅山脉中段土地覆被的垂直分异特征[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(5): 931-948.
Zhang Yili, Wu Xue, Zheng Du. Vertical variation of land cover in the Central Himalayas. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(5): 931-948.
|
[11] |
范泽孟. 黑河流域植被垂直分布对气候变化的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(10): 4066-4076.
Fan Zemeng. Response analysis of gradient distribution of vegetation to climate change in Heihe River Basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(10): 4066-4076.
|
[12] |
张俊瑶, 姚永慧, 索南东主, 等. 基于垂直带谱的太白山区山地植被遥感信息提取[J]. 地理信息科学学报, 2019, 21(8): 1284-1294.
Zhang Junyao, Yao Yonghui, Suonan Dongzhu et al. Mapping of mountain vegetation in Taibai Mountain based on mountain altitudinal belts with remote sensing. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(8): 1284-1294.
|
[13] |
冀欣阳, 骆磊, 王心源, 等. 基于“DEM-NDVI-土地覆盖分类”的天山博格达自然遗产地山地垂直带提取与变化分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(9): 1350-1360.
Ji Xinyang, Luo Lei, Wang Xinyuan et al. Identification and change analysis of mountain altitudinal zone in Tianshan Bogda Natural Heritage Site based on “DEM-NDVI-Land Cover Classification”. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018, 20(9): 1350-1360.
|
[14] |
申卫星, 马生平, 贾春燕, 等. 泰山松材线虫病防控实践[J]. 中国森林病虫, 2022, 41(4): 43-46.
Shen Weixing, Ma Shengping, Jia Chunyan et al. Prevention and control of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Taishan Mountain. Forest Pest and Disease, 2022, 41(4): 43-46.
|
[15] |
王仁卿, 周光裕. 山东植被[M]. 济南: 山东科学技术出版社, 2000.
Wang Renqing, Zhou Guangyu. Vegetation of Shandong. Jinan: Shandong Science and Technology Press, 2000.
|
[16] |
马明哲, 申国珍, 熊高明, 等. 神农架自然遗产地植被垂直带谱的特点和代表性[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(11): 1127-1139.
Ma Mingzhe, Shen Guozhen, Xiong Gaoming et al. Characteristic and representativeness of the vertical vegetation zonation along the altitudinal gradient in Shennongjia Natural Heritage. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(11): 1127-1139.
|
[17] |
许引娣. 华山风景名胜区规划中生态学应用初探[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2006.
Xu Yindi. Preliminary study of application about ecology method in Huashan National Park planning. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, 2006.
|
[18] |
胡盛劼. 嵩山风景名胜整体性风景特质与保护研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2021.
Hu Shengjie. Study on the holistic landscape characterization and protection of Mount Song scenic spot. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2021.
|
[19] |
陈云. 小秦岭自然保护区维管植物多样性维持机制[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2015.
Chen Yun. The maintaining mechanism study of vascular plan diversity in Xiaoqinling nature reserve. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2015.
|
[20] |
孟艳. 江苏云台山植物区系及主要植物群落研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2016.
Meng Yan. Research on flora of plant and plant communities in Yuntai Mountain. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015.
|
[21] |
李佳喜, 张耀甲. 甘肃莲花山自然保护区种子植物区系的研究[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 36(5): 98-106.
Li Jiaxi, Zhang Yaojia. A study on the spermatophytic flora from Lianhua Mountain nature reserve in Gansu Province. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 2000, 36(5): 98-106.
|
[22] |
刘晓娟. 甘肃省太子山植物区系地理研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2005.
Liu Xiaojuan. Floristic geography of the Taizi Mountains in Gansu Province. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2005.
|
[23] |
王好, 康慕谊, 刘全儒, 等. 中条山植物区系与植被研究进展[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 40(5): 676-683.
Wang Hao, Kang Muyi, Liu Quanru et al. Advance in studies on flora and vegetation in Zhongtiao Mountain. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2004, 40(5): 676-683.
|
[24] |
侯琳. 黄龙山林区封育油松群落结构特征动态研究[D]. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2004.
Hou Lin. Study on construction dynamic traits of hill-closed and afforested Pinus tabulaeformiscommunity in Huanglong Mountains. Xianyang: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2004.
|
[25] |
王燕, 毕润成, 许强. 山西太岳山南部针阔混交林群落特征及空间分布格局[J]. 广西植物, 2017, 37(7): 901-911.
Wang Yan, Bi Runcheng, Xu Qiang. Community characteristics and spatial distribution of mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest in South Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi Province of China. Guihaia, 2017, 37(7): 901-911.
|
[26] |
张峰, 上官铁梁. 有序样方聚类在植被垂直带划分中的应用[J]. 植物生态学报, 1997, 21(3): 267-273.
Zhang Feng, Shangguan Tieliang. The application of the ordered plot clustering to the vertical belt partitioning of vegetation of Mian Mountains, Shanxi. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 1997, 21(3): 267-273.
|
[27] |
毛空, 张殷波, 张峰. 关帝山森林植被优势种群生态位[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(11): 2920-2925.
Mao Kong, Zhang Yinbo, Zhang Feng. Niche characteristics of dominant species in forest vegetation in Guandi Mountain, Shanxi of China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2013, 32(11): 2920-2925.
|
[28] |
陈桂琛, 彭敏, 黄荣福, 等. 祁连山地区植被特征及其分布规律[J]. 植物学报, 1994, 36(1): 63-72.
Chen Guichen, Peng Min, Huang Rongfu et al. Vegetation characteristics and its distribution of Qilian Mountain region. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 1994, 36(1): 63-72.
|
[29] |
上官铁梁, 张峰. 云顶山植被及其垂直分布研究[J]. 山地研究, 1991, 9(1): 19-26.
ShangguanTieliang, Zhang Feng. Investigation on vegetation and vertical distribution in the Yunding Mountain in Shanxi Province. Mountain Research, 1991, 9(1): 19-26.
|
[30] |
张金屯. 山西芦芽山植被垂直带的划分[J]. 地理科学, 1989, 9(4): 346-388.
Zhang Jintun. Vertical zones of vegetation in Luya Mountain in Shanxi Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1989, 9(4): 346-388.
|
[31] |
曹燕丽, 崔海亭, 刘鸿雁, 等. 五台山高山带景观的遥感分析[J]. 地理学报, 2001, 56(3): 297-306.
Cao Yanli, Cui Haiting, Liu Hongyan et al. Remote sensing analysis of alpine landscape of Wutai Mts, Shanxi Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(3): 297-306.
|
[32] |
韩芳, 张百平, 谭靖, 等. 山体基面高度对欧亚大陆东南部林线分布的影响——山体效应定量化研究[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(7): 781-788.
Han Fang, Zhang Baiping, Tan Jing et al. The effect of mountain base elevation on the altitude of timberline in the southeastern Eurasia: A study on the quantification of mass elevation effect. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(7): 781-788.
|
[33] |
Quervain A D. The uplifting of the atmospheric Isotherms of the Swiss Alps and its relationship with altitudinal limits[J]. Gerland. Contrib. Geophys, 1904(6): 481-533. (in German).
|
[34] |
周华山, 张震宇. 嵩山地区地貌和环境问题[J]. 地域研究与开发, 1994, 13(1): 51-54.
Zhou Huashan, Zhang Zhenyu. Geomorphological and environmental problems in the Mount Song. Areal Research and Development, 1994, 13(1): 51-54.
|
[35] |
张百平, 周成虎, 陈述彭. 中国山地垂直带信息图谱的探讨[J]. 地理学报, 2003, 58(2): 163-171.
Zhang Baiping, Zhou Chenghu, Chen Shupeng. The Geo-info-spectrum of mountane altitudinal belts in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(2): 163-171.
|
[36] |
王新花, 李传荣. 泰山生物多样性[M]. 北京: 知识产权出版社, 2012.
Wang Xinhua, Li Chuanrong. Biodiversity of Mountain Taishan[M]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2012.]
|
[37] |
孙敬然. 泰山麻栎林天然更新特征及影响因素分析[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2022.
Sun Jingran. Natural regeneration characteristics and influencing factors of Quercus Acutissima forest in Taishan. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2022.
|
[38] |
Meng Yan, Cao Banghua, Dong Chao et al. the Taishan Mountain forest ecosystem health assessment based on forest inventory data[J]. Forests, 2019, 10(8): 657.
|
[39] |
Van Steenis G J. An attempt towards an explanation of the effect of mountain mass elevation[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science of the Netherlands, 1961 64 435-442.
|
[40] |
张百平, 姚永慧. 山体效应研究[M]. 北京: 中国环境出版社, 2015.
Zhang Baiping, Yao Yonghui. Studies of mass elevation effect. Beijing: China Environmental Press, 2015.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |