The structural resilience of China’s trade network based on transport modes
Received date: 2024-03-30
Revised date: 2024-07-17
Online published: 2025-01-16
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The transport system, serving as the foundational backbone for global trade movements, significantly influences the trading relationships among domestic cities and their integration into global production networks. The existing literature has analyzed the global trade networks carried by a particular transport mode or investigated the resilience of the trade network regardless of its transportation modes, both of which neglect the transportation resilience in the global trade networks. In light of this, this study seeks to investigate the spatial evolution and structural resilience of trade networks facilitated by various transportation means through social network analysis coupled with scenario simulation techniques, based on city-level trade data extracted from General Administration of Customs. P. R. China (2000—2015). The marginal contributions of this study can be summarized as: 1) Systematically explores the evolution and characteristics of trade networks from the perspective of transportation modes, filling the gap in the existing economic geography literature where transportation networks and trade networks are disconnected; 2) Clarifies the importance and changing process of specific cities in the trade network from the perspective of transportation mode complexity; 3) Measures the resilience level of trade networks under specific transportation modes and identifies alternative city transportation networks. The key findings include: 1) Across all four transport modes, there is a consistent rise in trade network density, with waterways showing the highest density and railroads demonstrating the highest degree of network modularity. Such results indicate the maturity of waterway-based trade network and the limitations of track-dependent railway-based trade networks. 2) The development of the domestic transport infrastructure helps to mitigate the intricacy of trade connections between cities across different regions, particularly in terms of access to a variety of transportation options. Inland cities now have more access to waterway-based trade networks, and coastal cities have developed complicated trade connections with Asian or European countries carried by railways or trucks. 3) Among the transport systems, the waterway-based trade network demonstrates the highest level of resilience, followed by air-based and road-based transport networks. Over the past 15 years, the trade networks have been less dependent on top 15 ports for each transport mode, suggesting a higher level of resilience of each mode. 4) The swift progression of airport infrastructure augments the availability of alternative cities that can respond to temporary disruptions in air cargo-based trade activities, by either reduce the distance from nearest available backup cities or increase the number of nearby backup options, especially for cities in inland area. In summary, these findings offer valuable insights for national strategies aimed at refining major production configurations and bolstering the growth of strategic hinterlands. Firstly, the domestic transportation system plays a critical role offering various regions the possibility to develop multiple trade transport modes. Secondly, although railway transport along the Eurasian Land Bridge has developed rapidly in recent years, it still has limitations and falls short of the scale and system of waterway, air, and highway transport. Thirdly, when countries plan for productive force safety layouts, they need to explore potential alternative city locations based on existing foreign trade connections to ensure the resilience of foreign trade at the transportation level and smooth the transfer and handover processes between cities.
Fang Jiawen , Sheng Hantian , He Canfei . The structural resilience of China’s trade network based on transport modes[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2024 , 44(12) : 2113 -2122 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240726
表1 2015年相比于2000年贸易网络复杂度地位提升前20名的城市Table 1 The top 20 cities with increase trade network complexity |
排名 | 水运贸易网络 | 铁路贸易网络 | 公路贸易网络 | 航空贸易网络 |
注:不含港澳台数据。 | ||||
1 | 重庆市 | 白银市 | 宣城市 | 重庆市 |
2 | 资阳市 | 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 | 潍坊市 | 阿里地区 |
3 | 阿里地区 | 日喀则市 | 重庆市 | 南充市 |
4 | 玉树藏族自治州 | 重庆市 | 东营市 | 毕节市 |
5 | 亳州市 | 丽水市 | 衡水市 | 贵阳市 |
6 | 贵阳市 | 温州市 | 泰安市 | 宣城市 |
7 | 毕节市 | 白城市 | 济南市 | 通辽市 |
8 | 盘锦市 | 三亚市 | 金华市 | 呼伦贝尔市 |
9 | 呼伦贝尔市 | 宁德市 | 绥化市 | 资阳市 |
10 | 百色市 | 福州市 | 盘锦市 | 海南藏族自治州 |
11 | 宣城市 | 石嘴山市 | 威海市 | 上饶市 |
12 | 潮州市 | 潮州市 | 毕节市 | 亳州市 |
13 | 宜春市 | 嘉兴市 | 资阳市 | 宿迁市 |
14 | 吉安市 | 赣州市 | 吕梁市 | 防城港市 |
15 | 菏泽市 | 揭阳市 | 芜湖市 | 巴中市 |
16 | 常德市 | 西双版纳傣族自治州 | 保定市 | 孝感市 |
17 | 江门市 | 鹰潭市 | 德州市 | 江门市 |
18 | 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州 | 湛江市 | 沈阳市 | 九江市 |
19 | 安顺市 | 马鞍山市 | 黔西南布依族苗族自治州 | 徐州市 |
20 | 珠海市 | 廊坊市 | 菏泽市 | 德州市 |
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