Animal bones and ancient environment at Diaoyu Fortress site in Chongqing
Received date: 2024-01-08
Revised date: 2024-05-17
Online published: 2025-07-18
Supported by
Major Project of Chongqing Social Science Foundation(2022ZDSC14)
Copyright
In the 13th century, Mongol troops swept across the Eurasian continent. Nevertheless, the soldiers and civilians at Diaoyu Fortress in Chongqing tenaciously defended against the Mongol Army for 36 years. It effectively hindered the westward advance of the Mongolian army, thus slowing down the decline of the Southern Song Dynasty. Diaoyu Fortress is situated on Diaoyu Mountain, adjacent to Dongcheng Peninsula in Hechuan District, Chongqing City. It guards the confluence of the Jialing River, the Qujiang River, and the Fujiang River, featuring rugged terrain. It is among the designated “Eight Key Fortresses” in the Sichuan defense system during the Song Dynasty. Its geographical coordinates range from 106°17′32″E to 106°19′22″E and 29°59′30″N to 30°01′15″N. In the 2019 archaeological excavation of the Fanjiayan Yashu site, the research group employed flotation on soil from the Southern Song deposit unearthed from F15. 3 classes, 5 orders, 5 families, 6 genera, and 6 species of animals were identified. This marks the first acquisition of animal bone remains in the Diaoyu Fortress archaeological process. Based on the previous historical documentary research and archeaological excavation of cultural relics remain, this study introduces scientific archeaological technique and method into the research field of Diaoyu Fortress, including flotation and zooarchaeology. From a zooarchaeological perspective, it suggests that the ancient environment of Diaoyu Fortress exhibited characteristics of a south subtropical zone climate. Plant growth here was flourishing, with multiple maturation cycles in a year or perennial growth. Precipitation was significant, water supply abundant, and the biological carrying capacity was high. These factors were crucial for sustaining subsistence and securing water for daily life in the fortress. During the siege of Diaoyu Fortress, there should have been poultry-raising and fishing in this fortress, and a variety of coexisting small mammals such as insectivora and chiroptera, which should be also hunted. Based on these premises, one can reasonably conclude the reasons Diaoyu Fortress could withstand for an extended period without surrendering. The fortress benefited from a favorable local ecological environment—the south subtropical zone climate, which aided in sustaining a subsistence economy, ensuring ample water supply, and other advantageous conditions. Combined with the treacherous terrain and the loyalty and courage of soldiers and civilians, the defense of Diaoyu Fortress constituted a miracle in world history: the fortress withstood the sieges of the enemy army for nearly half a century.
Chen Yuzhi , Wu Xianzhu . Animal bones and ancient environment at Diaoyu Fortress site in Chongqing[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE, 2025 , 45(7) : 1626 -1634 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20231239
图3 钓鱼城遗址雁形目、鸡形目和龟鳖目骨骼标本1.D2019F15:G04 家鹅左尺骨 (后侧−腹侧−前侧),left Ulna of Anser cygnoides domesticus (posterior-dorsal-anterior); 2. D2019F15:G05家鸡左肱骨(后侧−腹侧−前侧), left humerus of Gallus gallus domesticus (posterior-dorsal-anterior);3. D2019F15:G06家鸡右股骨(前侧−外侧−后侧), right femur of Gallus gallus domesticus (anterior-lateral-posterior); 4. D2019F15:G011中华鳖右股骨(背侧−腹侧), right femur of Pelodiscus sinensis (dorsal-ventral);5. D2019F15:G012中华鳖左肱骨(背侧−腹侧), left humerus of Pelodiscus sinensis (dorsal-ventral);6. D2019F15:G015中华鳖右肋板, Right costal of Pelodiscus sinensis Fig. 3 Skeletal specimens of Anseriformes, Galliformes and Testudines from Diaoyu Fortress site |
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