Impact of cultural heritage bearers' media narrative realism on destination image: A Grand Canal case study
Received date: 2024-10-27
Revised date: 2024-12-27
Online published: 2025-10-24
Supported by
Zhejiang Provincial Social Sciences Planning Special Project: Study and Interpretation of the Guiding Principles of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second Plenary Session of the 15th Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, National Social Science Fund of China(23FXWB002)
Zhejiang Cultural Research Project(21WH70080ZD)
Copyright
Destination image constitutes a vital component of a region's overall competitive strength. Building on the model of narrative comprehension and engagement and persuasion theory, this study examines the impact of internal and external realism in intangible cultural heritage bearers' media narratives on destination image, as well as the mediating role of media character identification. External realism refers to the extent to which the story aligns with the real world (regardless of whether the story is fictional). Internal realism refers to the coherence within the story itself in terms of logic, character motivations, and the continuity of events. Media character identification includes three dimensions: the audience's emotional resonance with the media character, perspective-taking, and motivation internalisation. In addition, destination brand awareness is introduced as a moderating variable in the research model. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to validate the net effects of antecedent variables on destination image. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is employed to explore the configurational pathways leading to positive destination image evaluations. The results show that: 1) Internal realism has a significantly positive direct effect on destination image, whereas the direct effect of external realism on destination image is not significant; 2) Both internal and external realism positively influence destination image through the mediating effect of motivation internalisation, while the mediating effects of perspective-taking and emotional resonance are not significant; 3) Destination brand awareness moderates the relationship between internal realism and destination image; 4) Destination image is the outcome of multiple interacting factors, with four types of condition configurations having high explanatory power for the formation of a favourable destination image evaluation. This study proposes a “Narrative-Character-Destination Image” framework, offering implications for destination image construction.
Zhang Huanzhou , Feng Yiming . Impact of cultural heritage bearers' media narrative realism on destination image: A Grand Canal case study[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE, 2025 , 45(10) : 2107 -2117 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20250461
表1 目的地形象测量模型的信度及收敛效度Table 1 Reliability and convergent validity of the measurement model about destination image |
| 变量名称 | 各变量的克隆巴赫系数 | 组合信度 | 平均萃取变异 | 问卷中题项 | 因子载荷 |
| 内部真实性 | 0.863 | 0.916 | 0.785 | NB1 | 0.884 |
| NB2 | 0.905 | ||||
| NB3 | 0.869 | ||||
| 外部真实性 | 0.890 | 0.924 | 0.752 | WB1 | 0.811 |
| WB2 | 0.889 | ||||
| WB3 | 0.890 | ||||
| WB4 | 0.877 | ||||
| 情感共鸣 | 0.765 | 0.865 | 0.681 | QG1 | 0.849 |
| QG2 | 0.835 | ||||
| QG3 | 0.791 | ||||
| 视角替代 | 0.829 | 0.898 | 0.745 | SJ1 | 0.837 |
| SJ2 | 0.894 | ||||
| SJ3 | 0.858 | ||||
| 动机内化 | 0.733 | 0.882 | 0.789 | DJ1 | 0.882 |
| DJ2 | 0.895 | ||||
| 目的地品牌知名度 | 0.873 | 0.911 | 0.719 | ZM1 | 0.910 |
| ZM2 | 0.885 | ||||
| ZM3 | 0.788 | ||||
| ZM4 | 0.801 | ||||
| 目的地形象 | 0.941 | 0.953 | 0.771 | XX1 | 0.855 |
| XX2 | 0.894 | ||||
| XX3 | 0.886 | ||||
| XX4 | 0.899 | ||||
| XX5 | 0.879 | ||||
| XX6 | 0.853 |
表2 潜变量的区分效度Table 2 Discriminant validity of latent variables |
| 内部真实性 | 外部真实性 | 情感共鸣 | 视角替代 | 动机内化 | 目的地品牌知名度 | 目的地形象 | |
| 注:对角线上数值为变量的平均萃取变异的平方根,对角线下数值为变量间的相关系数。 | |||||||
| 内部真实性 | 0.886 | ||||||
| 外部真实性 | 0.505 | 0.867 | |||||
| 情感共鸣 | 0.524 | 0.444 | 0.825 | ||||
| 视角替代 | 0.473 | 0.434 | 0.456 | 0.863 | |||
| 动机内化 | 0.389 | 0.411 | 0.297 | 0.251 | 0.888 | ||
| 目的地品牌知名度 | 0.354 | 0.279 | 0.299 | 0.355 | 0.296 | 0.848 | |
| 目的地形象 | 0.424 | 0.334 | 0.290 | 0.282 | 0.410 | 0.337 | 0.878 |
表3 目的地形象相关的假设检验结果Table 3 Results of hypothesis tests related to destination image |
| 假设 | 路径 | 效应值 | 标准误 | t值 | P值 | 检验结果 | f 2 |
| 注:t值为样本统计量与总体参数之间的差异程度;P 值为双尾显著性水平;f 2为解释效果量;/为未涉及此项。 | |||||||
| H1a | 内部真实性→目的地形象 | 0.264 | 0.066 | 4.001 | 0.000 | 被支持 | 0.058 |
| H1b | 外部真实性→目的地形象 | 0.049 | 0.063 | 0.776 | 0.438 | 不被支持 | 0.002 |
| H2a | 内部真实性→情感共鸣 | 0.402 | 0.048 | 8.454 | 0.000 | 被支持 | 0.177 |
| H2b | 内部真实性→视角替代 | 0.341 | 0.055 | 6.241 | 0.000 | 被支持 | 0.120 |
| H2c | 内部真实性→动机内化 | 0.243 | 0.059 | 4.146 | 0.000 | 被支持 | 0.056 |
| H3a | 外部真实性→情感共鸣 | 0.241 | 0.055 | 4.397 | 0.000 | 被支持 | 0.064 |
| H3b | 外部真实性→视角替代 | 0.262 | 0.057 | 4.620 | 0.000 | 被支持 | 0.071 |
| H3c | 外部真实性→动机内化 | 0.288 | 0.059 | 4.895 | 0.000 | 被支持 | 0.079 |
| H4a | 情感共鸣→目的地形象 | 0.043 | 0.065 | 0.666 | 0.505 | 不被支持 | 0.002 |
| H4b | 视角替代→目的地形象 | 0.023 | 0.052 | 0.445 | 0.657 | 不被支持 | 0.001 |
| H4c | 动机内化→目的地形象 | 0.191 | 0.055 | 3.464 | 0.001 | 被支持 | 0.004 |
| H5a | 内部真实性→情感共鸣→目的地形象 | 0.017 | 0.027 | 0.656 | 0.512 | 不被支持 | / |
| H5b | 内部真实性→视角替代→目的地形象 | 0.008 | 0.018 | 0.441 | 0.659 | 不被支持 | / |
| H5c | 内部真实性→动机内化→目的地形象 | 0.046 | 0.019 | 2.465 | 0.014 | 被支持 | / |
| H6a | 外部真实性→情感共鸣→目的地形象 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.641 | 0.521 | 不被支持 | / |
| H6b | 外部真实性→视角替代→目的地形象 | 0.006 | 0.014 | 0.432 | 0.666 | 不被支持 | / |
| H6c | 外部真实性→动机内化→目的地形象 | 0.055 | 0.019 | 2.903 | 0.004 | 被支持 | / |
| H7 | 目的地品牌知名度×内部真实性→目的地形象 | –0.200 | 0.036 | 5.489 | 0.000 | 被支持 | 0.070 |
表4 良好目的地形象评价的必要性分析Table 4 Necessary conditions for high evaluation of destination image |
| 条件变量 | 一致性 | 覆盖度 |
| 注:“~”符号意为“非”,表示条件的非集。 | ||
| 内部真实性 | ||
| ~内部真实性 | ||
| 外部真实性 | ||
| ~外部真实性 | ||
| 情感共鸣 | ||
| ~情感共鸣 | ||
| 视角替代 | ||
| ~视角替代 | ||
| 动机内化 | ||
| ~动机内化 | ||
| 目的地品牌知名度 | ||
| ~目的地品牌知名度 | ||
表5 良好目的地形象评价的组态Table 5 Configurations for high evaluation of destination image |
| 条件变量 | 产生良好目的地形象评价的组态 | ||||
| 组态1 | 组态2a | 组态2b | 组态3 | 组态4 | |
| 注:●表示核心条件存在,▲表示边缘条件存在;⊗ 表示核心条件缺失,△表示边缘条件缺失;空白处表示该条件出现或缺乏均可。 | |||||
| 内部真实性 | ● | ▲ | △ | ● | |
| 外部真实性 | ● | ▲ | △ | ⊗ | |
| 情感共鸣 | ● | ● | ⊗ | ● | |
| 视角替代 | ▲ | ⊗ | ▲ | ||
| 动机内化 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ⊗ |
| 目的地品牌知名度 | ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | ● | ▲ |
| 原始覆盖度 | |||||
| 唯一覆盖度 | |||||
| 一致性 | |||||
| 解的覆盖度 | |||||
| 解的一致性 | |||||
| [1] |
Xu H, Cheung L T O, Lovett J et al. Understanding the influence of user-generated content on tourist loyalty behavior in a cultural World Heritage Site[J]. Tourism Recreation Research, 2023, 48(2): 173-187.
|
| [2] |
Xu X A, Chen F T. Effective tourism destination stories: Matching effects between story type and destination type[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2024, 60: 393-404.
|
| [3] |
Abdillah F, Afiff A Z, Hijrah Hati S R et al. A local destination story for the restoration of the destination image affected by Covid-19 crisis: Evidence from Indonesia[J]. Heliyon, 2022, 8 (6): e09784
|
| [4] |
Garay-Tamajón L A, Morales-Pérez S. ‘Belong anywhere': Focusing on authenticity and the role of Airbnb in the projected destination image[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2023, 25 (1): 63-78.
|
| [5] |
Busselle R, Bilandzic H. Fictionality and perceived realism in experiencing stories: A model of narrative comprehension and engagement[J]. Communication Theory, 2008, 18 (2): 255-280.
|
| [6] |
Berto A R, Putranto T D, Wahyu A Y M et al. The effect of using storytelling on destination image is influenced by experience[J]. Mediator: Jurnal Komunikasi, 2023, 16 (2): 264-275.
|
| [7] |
Ben Youssef K, Leicht T, Marongiu L. Storytelling in the context of destination marketing: An analysis of conceptualisations and impact measurement[J]. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 2019, 27 (8): 696-713.
|
| [8] |
Cohen J. Defining identification: A theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters[M]//Wei R. Advances in foundational mass communication theories. London: Routledge, 2018: 253-272.
|
| [9] |
Ali F, Rasoolimanesh S M, Sarstedt M et al. An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in hospitality research[J]. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2018, 30 (1): 514-538.
|
| [10] |
Dul J. Identifying single necessary conditions with NCA and fsQCA[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016, 69 (4): 1516-1523.
|
| [11] |
Wong J Y, Lee S J, Lee W H. ‘Does it really affect me?' Tourism destination narratives, destination image, and the intention to visit: Examining the moderating effect of narrative transportation[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2016, 18 (5): 458-468.
|
| [12] |
Crompton J L. An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1979, 17 (4): 18-23.
|
| [13] |
郑文娟, 郑雅频, 张琳, 等. 南岛语族文化对南太平洋地区旅游目的地形象的影响研究[J]. 文化产业研究, 2024(1) 99-113.
Zheng Wenjuan, Zheng Yapin, Zhang Lin et al. A study of the influence of Austronesian culture on tourist destinations image of South Pacific region. Cultural Industry Research, 2024(1) 99-113.
|
| [14] |
陈曦亮, 李钢, 于悦, 等. 无人机视角下西藏目的地视觉形象感知及其地-空转换机制[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2023, 50 (2): 249-260.
Chen Xiliang, Li Gang, Yu Yue et al. Perception of destination visual image and the ground-sky transition mechanism based on the perspective of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in Xizang. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2023, 50 (2): 249-260.
|
| [15] |
Tussyadiah I P, Fesenmaier D R. Mediating tourist experiences: Access to places via shared videos[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2009, 36 (1): 24-40.
|
| [16] |
Garay L. #Visitspain. Breaking down affective and cognitive attributes in the social media construction of the tourist destination image[J]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2019, 32: 100560
|
| [17] |
Liu S Y, Gao J, Zhang G J et al. How to speak destinations more efficiently: A study on the effects of narration in tourism films on viewer perceptions and intentions[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2024, 29 (12): 1509-1528.
|
| [18] |
Leavitt J D, Christenfeld N J S. The fluency of spoilers: Why giving away endings improves stories[J]. Scientific Study of Literature, 2013, 3 (1): 93-104.
|
| [19] |
Reber R. Processing fluency, aesthetic pleasure, and culturally shared taste[M]//Arthur P S et al. Aesthetic Science: Connecting minds, brains, and experience. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012: 223-249.
|
| [20] |
王丽娜, 李华. 入境旅游者对中国旅游目的地形象的负面感知研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2019, 28 (6): 189-199.
Wang Lina, Li Hua. Research into the negative perception of inbound tourists on the tourism destination image in China. World Regional Studies, 2019, 28 (6): 189-199.
|
| [21] |
Auter P J, Palmgreen P. Development and validation of a parasocial interaction measure: The audience-persona interaction scale[J]. Communication Research Reports, 2000, 17(1): 79-89.
|
| [22] |
Oatley K. A taxonomy of the emotions of literary response and a theory of identification in fictional narrative[J]. Poetics, 1995, 23 (1-2): 53-74.
|
| [23] |
Wimmer L, Friend S, Currie G et al. Reading fictional narratives to improve social and moral cognition: The influence of narrative perspective, transportation, and identification[J]. Frontiers in Communication, 2021, 5: 611935
|
| [24] |
Felnhofer A, Wittmann L, Reichmann A et al. Character identification is predicted by narrative transportation, immersive tendencies, and interactivity[J]. Current Psychology, 2023, 42 (22): 18567-18577.
|
| [25] |
Akgün A E, Keskin H, Ayar H et al. The influence of storytelling approach in travel writings on readers' empathy and travel intentions[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, 207: 577-586.
|
| [26] |
Tussyadiah I P, Park S, Fesenmaier D R. Assessing the effectiveness of consumer narratives for destination marketing[J]. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 2011, 35 (1): 64-78.
|
| [27] |
刘丽娟, 吕兴洋. 基于消费者的旅游目的地品牌资产研究——以呼和浩特市为例[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30 (10): 204-208.
Liu Lijuan, Lyu Xingyang. Study on consumer-based brand equity for a destination—A case of Hohhot. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016, 30 (10): 204-208.
|
| [28] |
Kladou S, Kehagias J. Assessing destination brand equity: An integrated approach[J]. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2014, 3 (1): 2-10.
|
| [29] |
黄静, 朱丽娅, 周南. 企业家微博信息对其形象评价的影响机制研究[J]. 管理世界, 2014, 30 (9): 107-119.
Huang Jing, Zhu Liya, Zhou Nan. Research on the influence mechanism of entrepreneur weibo's information on his image evaluation. Management World, 2014, 30 (9): 107-119.
|
| [30] |
刘国永, 王鹏, 黄谦. 体育品牌原产地困惑对品牌形象感知的影响: 知名度的调节作用[J]. 中国体育科技, 2013, 49 (3): 140-145.
Liu Guoyong, Wang Peng, Huang Qian. The impact of sports brand-origin confusion on brand image perception: The moderating effect of brand awareness. China Sport Science and Technology, 2013, 49 (3): 140-145.
|
| [31] |
Bilandzic H, Busselle R W. Enjoyment of films as a function of narrative experience, perceived realism and transportability[J]. Communications, 2011, 36 (1): 29-50.
|
| [32] |
Green M C. Transportation into narrative worlds: The role of prior knowledge and perceived realism[J]. Discourse Processes, 2004, 38 (2): 247-266.
|
| [33] |
Lawrence E J, Shaw P, Baker D et al. Measuring empathy: Reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient[J]. Psychological Medicine, 2004, 34 (5): 911-920.
|
| [34] |
Howard M C, Boudreaux M, Oglesby M. Can Harman's single-factor test reliably distinguish between research designs? Not in published management studies[J]. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2024, 33 (6): 790-804.
|
| [35] |
Diamantopoulos A, Siguaw J A. Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration[J]. British Journal of Management, 2006, 17 (4): 263-282.
|
| [36] |
Cronbach L J , Furby L . How we should measure “change” —Or should we?[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1970, 74(1): 68-80.
|
| [37] |
Bagozzi R P. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: A comment[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981, 18 (3): 375-381.
|
| [38] |
Assaker G, Huang S S, Hallak R. Applications of partial least squares structural equation modeling in tourism research: A methodological review[J]. Tourism Analysis, 2012, 17 (5): 679-686.
|
| [39] |
谌飞龙, 张卫俊. 创业营销故事的解构与呈现: 基于叙事传输视角[J]. 南开管理评论, 2025, 28 (5): 64-74.
Chen Feilong, Zhang Weijun. Deconstruction and presentation of entrepreneurial marketing stories: Based on the perspective of narrative transportation. Nankai Business Review, 2025, 28 (5): 64-74.
|
| [40] |
Handler R, Saxton W. Dyssimulation: Reflexivity, narrative, and the quest for authenticity in “living history”[J]. Cultural Anthropology, 1988, 3 (3): 242-260.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |