Influence and heterogeneity of inter-provincial border on intercity population flow in China from the perspective of network
Received date: 2024-07-03
Online published: 2025-12-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371226)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771124)
Copyright
Breaking the shielding effect of administrative boundaries is a key issue to promote regional population flow. From a network perspective, this article uses Baidu migration big data to explore the impact of inter-provincial boundaries on China’s inter-city population flow and its heterogeneity in different urban agglomerations. Specifically, the impact of inter-provincial boundaries on the formation of inter-city population flow relationships was analysed using ERGM, the impact of inter-provincial boundaries on the intensity of population flow relationships was analysed using VERGM, and the regional heterogeneity of the impact of inter-provincial boundaries on population flow was analysed using QAP. It is found that the inter-provincial boundaries inhibit the formation and strengthening of the inter-city population flow network in China. At the same time, the intensity of the shielding effect decreases with the increase of the intensity of population flow. The heterogeneity analysis of urban agglomerations shows that there are significant differences in the shielding effect of inter-provincial boundaries on population flow in different urban agglomerations. Firstly, the effect of inter-provincial boundaries in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration is significantly stronger than in other urban agglomerations, mainly due to the lower degree of regional integration development and the natural barriers of the Beibu Gulf and Qiongzhou Strait. Secondly, the boundary effect in the urban agglomerations of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Central Plains, Harbin-Changchun, and Guanzhong Plain is at a relatively medium level. These urban agglomerations are guided by the strong provincial capital strategy, with population flow mainly within the province and supplemented by inter-provincial mobility. Finally, the role of inter-provincial boundaries in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is the weakest. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has a high level of social and economic development and integration, and also has a relatively unified and coherent system in economic policies and labour market management. Regional central cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Suzhou not only play an important role in division of labour and cooperation and functional roles in their own provinces, but also in neighbouring provinces (municipalities directly under the central government), reducing the barrier effect of inter-provincial boundaries. Based on the above research, while compressing the time and space distance through large-scale construction of regional high-speed transportation, establishing and improving the coordination mechanism among provincial governments, reducing policy barriers, administrative barriers, and institutional constraints that affect regional factor flows, can effectively enhance regional population flow, which is crucial for accelerating the construction of a unified national market and a new development pattern of “dual circulation” with domestic circulation as the mainstay. Based on the network perspective and the empirical study of urban agglomeration comparison, this article expands the scientific understanding of the inter-provincial border effect, and has clear practical significance for establishing and improving the inter-provincial government coordination mechanism and promoting the development of regional integration.
Zhao Ziyu , Yuan Zexin , Zhao Shiyao , Li Yuxuan , Wang Shijun . Influence and heterogeneity of inter-provincial border on intercity population flow in China from the perspective of network[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE, 2025 , 45(11) : 2508 -2518 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240679
表1 人口流动影响因素选取Table 1 Selection of factors influencing population flow |
| 类型 | 变量名称 | 平均值 | 标准差 | ||
| 注:为减弱异方差,部分节点属性变量取对数处理,用ln标识。 | |||||
| 外生网络变量 | 核心解释变量 | 省际边界 | bou | 1.952 | 0.229 |
| 网络控制变量 | 方言距离 | dia | 3.559 | 1.065 | |
| 地理距离 | dist | 1.542 | 0.867 | ||
| 空气质量距离 | PM | 16.644 | 12.735 | ||
| 温度距离 | temp | 5.858 | 4.532 | ||
| 节点属性变量 | 节点控制变量 | 规模以上工业企业资产及利润总额(对数) | ln_ass | 16.453 | 1.155 |
| 对外经济贸易总额(对数) | ln_tra | 14.428 | 2.076 | ||
| 专利数量(对数) | ln_pat | 8.478 | 1.512 | ||
| 城镇人口总量(对数) | ln_popu | 5.113 | 0.762 | ||
| 人均GDP(对数) | ln_GDP | 11.085 | 0.456 | ||
| 三产占比 | prop | 53.523 | 9.746 | ||
表2 省际边界对人口流动网络关系形成的影响Table 2 Influence of inter-provincial border on the formation of population flow network |
| 效应 | 变量 | 全部流 | 前50% | 前25% | |||||
| 估计值 | 标准误 | 估计值 | 标准误 | 估计值 | 标准误 | ||||
| 注:***表示P<0.01;**表示P<0.05;变量含义参见表1。 | |||||||||
| 外生网络变量 | bou | –6.773*** | 0.257 | –4.946*** | 0.095 | –3.781*** | 0.074 | ||
| dia | –0.450*** | 0.013 | –0.471*** | 0.016 | –0.523*** | 0.021 | |||
| dist | –2.441*** | 0.030 | –2.763*** | 0.046 | –3.128*** | 0.074 | |||
| PM | –0.024*** | 0.001 | –0.028*** | 0.001 | –0.042*** | 0.002 | |||
| temp | 0.026*** | 0.005 | 0.045*** | 0.007 | 0.100*** | 0.011 | |||
| 节点属性变量 | ln_tra | 0.182*** | 0.009 | 0.170*** | 0.013 | 0.197*** | 0.018 | ||
| ln_ass | 0.436*** | 0.019 | 0.643*** | 0.026 | 0.701*** | 0.035 | |||
| ln_pat | 0.115*** | 0.015 | 0.137*** | 0.022 | 0.005 | 0.029 | |||
| ln_popu | 0.781*** | 0.025 | 0.657*** | 0.033 | 0.567*** | 0.044 | |||
| prop | 0.066*** | 0.001 | 0.063*** | 0.001 | 0.062*** | 0.002 | |||
| ln_GDP | 0.208*** | 0.036 | –0.199*** | 0.048 | –0.322*** | 0.064 | |||
| 边数 | –24.141*** | 0.798 | –25.928** | 0.813 | –26.272*** | 1.034 | |||
| AIC | |||||||||
| BIC | |||||||||
表3 省际边界对人口流动网络关系强度的影响Table 3 The influence of inter-provincial border on the strength of population flow network |
| 效应 | 变量 | 全部流 | 前50% | 前25% | |||||
| 估计值 | 标准误 | 估计值 | 标准误 | 估计值 | 标准误 | ||||
| 注:***表示P<0.01;**表示P<0.05;变量解释见表1。 | |||||||||
| 外生网络变量 | bou | –1.551*** | 0.027 | –1.584*** | 0.030 | –1.271*** | 0.033 | ||
| dia | –0.253*** | 0.009 | –0.239*** | 0.010 | –0.201*** | 0.012 | |||
| dist | –1.845*** | 0.022 | –2.091*** | 0.032 | –2.542*** | 0.049 | |||
| PM | –0.020*** | 0.001 | –0.024*** | 0.001 | –0.028*** | 0.001 | |||
| temp | 0.009*** | 0.003 | 0.021*** | 0.005 | 0.051*** | 0.007 | |||
| 节点属性变量 | ln_tra | 0.078*** | 0.006 | 0.057*** | 0.008 | 0.052*** | 0.008 | ||
| ln_ass | 0.286*** | 0.012 | 0.316*** | 0.014 | 0.262*** | 0.015 | |||
| ln_pat | 0.009 | 0.010 | –0.031** | 0.012 | –0.090*** | 0.012 | |||
| ln_popu | 0.520*** | 0.015 | 0.514*** | 0.018 | 0.462*** | 0.019 | |||
| prop | 0.036*** | 0.001 | 0.034*** | 0.001 | 0.031*** | 0.001 | |||
| ln_GDP | –0.051** | 0.021 | –0.099*** | 0.025 | –0.063** | 0.027 | |||
| 边权总数 | –18.79*** | 0.363 | –17.07*** | 0.417 | –14.11*** | 0.450 | |||
| 非零边数 | 4.533*** | 0.035 | 3.194*** | 0.038 | 1.719*** | 0.043 | |||
| AIC | – | – | – | ||||||
| BIC | – | – | – | ||||||
表4 省际边界对人口流动网络影响的区域差异Table 4 Regional differences in the influence of inter-provincial border on population flow networks |
| 变量 | 成渝 城市群 | 京津冀 城市群 | 长江中游 城市群 | 长三角 城市群 | 北部湾 城市群 | 中原 城市群 | 哈长 城市群 | 关中平原 城市群 |
| 注:***表示P<0.01,**表示P<0.05,*表示P<0.1;变量解释见表1。 | ||||||||
| bou | –0.045 | 0.180 | –0.243*** | –0.118** | –0.372*** | –0.190*** | –0.297** | –0.267** |
| dia | 0.040 | –0.150* | –0.059 | 0.103* | –0.031 | –0.204*** | 0.123 | –0.001 |
| dist | –0.298*** | –0.493*** | –0.224*** | –0.359*** | –0.270** | –0.205*** | –0.447*** | –0.557*** |
| PM | –0.038 | 0.459* | –0.042 | –0.005 | 0.042 | −0.063 | 0.158 | –0.105 |
| temp | –0.060 | −0.209 | 0.014 | –0.052 | –0.041 | 0.016 | –0.078 | 0.155 |
| ln_tra | 0.000 | −0.186 | 0.172*** | –0.171** | –0.026 | 0.276*** | 0.159 | 0.185 |
| ln_ass | –0.267* | 0.125 | 0.048 | 0.154** | 0.449*** | 0.059 | –0.025 | 0.059 |
| ln_pat | 0.515*** | 0.241** | 0.212*** | 0.128* | 0.203** | 0.111* | 0.188 | 0.211 |
| ln_popu | 0.173 | –0.164 | –0.071* | –0.082* | –0.110 | –0.156*** | –0.037 | –0.064 |
| prop | 0.355*** | 0.075 | 0.056* | 0.218*** | –0.066 | 0.079* | 0.021 | 0.120 |
| ln_GDP | –0.032 | 0.022 | 0.051 | –0.083* | 0.085 | 0.038 | 0.113 | –0.050 |
| 截距项 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| AdjR2 | 0.479 | 0.370 | 0.363 | 0.260 | 0.600 | 0.383 | 0.411 | 0.628 |
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